外语教师测试手册

Hughes, A. (1989). Testing for Language Teachers.
Preface xi
1 Teaching and testing 1
2 Testing as problem solving: an overview of the book 8
3 Kinds of tests and testing 11
4 Validity 26
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Hughes, A. (1989). Testing for Language Teachers.
Preface xi
1 Teaching and testing 1
2 Testing as problem solving: an overview of the book 8
3 Kinds of tests and testing 11
4 Validity 26
5 Reliability 36
6 Achieving beneficial backwash 53
7 Stages of test development 58
8 Common test techniques 75
9 Testing writing 83
10 Testing oral ability 113
11 Testing reading 136
12 Testing listening 160
13 Testing grammar and vocabulary 172
14 Testing overall ability 186
15 Tests for young learners 199
16 Test administration 215
Appendix 1 The statistical analysis of test data 218
Appendix 2 Item banking 234 Appendix 3
Questions on the New Zealand youth hostels passage 236
Bibliography 237
Subject Index 246
Author Index 250
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