Transpacific Femininities

In this groundbreaking study, Denise Cruz investigates the importance of the figure she terms the "transpacific Filipina" to Philippine nationalism, women's suffrage, and constructions of modernity. Her analysis illuminates connections between the rise of Philippine print culture in English and the emergence of new social classes of transpacific women during the early-to-mid-twentieth century. Through a careful study of multiple texts produced by Filipina and Filipino writers in the United States and the Philippines - including novels and short stories, newspapers and magazines, conduct manuals, and editorial cartoons - Cruz provides a new archive and fresh perspectives for understanding Philippine literature and culture. She demonstrates that the modern Filipina did not emerge as a simple by-product of American and Spanish colonial regimes, but rather was the result of political, economic, and cultural interactions among the Philippines, Spain, the United States, and Japan. Cruz shows how the complex interplay of feminism, nationalism, empire, and modernity helped shape, and were shaped by, conceptions of the transpacific Filipina.