Psychosis, Dissociation and Trauma Emerging Perspectives on Severe Psychopathology

An invaluable sourcebook on the complex relationship between psychosis, trauma, and dissociation, thoroughly revised and updated

This revised and updated second edition of Psychosis, Trauma and Dissociation offers an important resource that takes a wide-ranging and in-depth look at the multifaceted relationship between trauma, dissociation and psychosis. The editors – leaders i...

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An invaluable sourcebook on the complex relationship between psychosis, trauma, and dissociation, thoroughly revised and updated

This revised and updated second edition of Psychosis, Trauma and Dissociation offers an important resource that takes a wide-ranging and in-depth look at the multifaceted relationship between trauma, dissociation and psychosis. The editors – leaders in their field – have drawn together more than fifty noted experts from around the world, to canvas the relevant literature from historical, conceptual, empirical and clinical perspectives. The result documents the impressive gains made over the past ten years in understanding multiple aspects of the interface between trauma, dissociation and psychosis.

The historical/conceptual section clarifies the meaning of the terms dissociation, trauma and psychosis, proposes dissociation as central to the historical concepts of schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder, and considers unique development perspectives on delusions and the onset of schizophrenia. The empirical section of the text compares and contrasts psychotic and dissociative disorders from a wide range of perspectives, including phenomenology, childhood trauma, and memory and cognitive disturbances, whilst the clinical section focuses on the assessment, differential diagnosis and treatment of these disorders, along with proposals for new and novel hybrid disorders. This important resource:

• Offers extensive updated coverage of the field, from all relevant perspectives

• Brings together in one text contributions from scholars and clinicians working in diverse geographical and theoretical areas

• Helps define and bring cohesion to this new and important field

• Features nine new chapters on: conceptions of trauma, dissociation and psychosis, PTSD with psychotic features, delusions and memory, trauma treatment of psychotic symptoms, and differences between the diagnostic groups on hypnotizability, memory disturbances, brain imaging, auditory verbal hallucinations and psychological testing

Written for clinicians, researchers and academics in the areas of trauma, child abuse, dissociation and psychosis, but relevant for psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists working in any area, the revised second edition of Psychosis, Trauma and Dissociation makes an invaluable contribution to this important evolving field.

Review

PTD includes outstanding contributions from international experts and provides a comprehensive view of its topics, particularly with respect to conceptual and research issues. The editors have interspersed throughout the book parentheses leading the reader to other related chapters, but a summarizing contribution would have been welcome. That small qualm notwithstanding, PTD is essential reading for anyone wanting to understand how trauma, dissociation, and psychosis both converge and diverge. (Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, July 2020)

Review

This book is a much needed, comprehensive attempt to fill the gap in understanding of the complexities of psychosis, trauma and dissociation. The topic is addressed by world-recognized, highly experienced clinicians and researchers in the field – first historical aspects and where it all began; then research and emerging evidence of the role of trauma in mental illnesses; lastly the clinical experience which informs research. The section on clinical perspectives succeeds in linking trauma with dissociation and psychosis and will appeal not only to like-minded clinicians, to clinicians who are grappling with these concepts, but also to those who have resisted change. The historical section refers to Bleuler’s dementia praecox which he first called schizophrenia and described cases with “split mind” in ways that we would now describe as dissociative disorders. I recommend this revised edition – an invaluable resource to all mental health clinicians – psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists alike.

- Joan Haliburn, Australasian Psychiatry, 2019, Vol. 27(6)655-656

The Editors

Andrew Moskowitz, PhD, Professor of Psychology, Dean of Undergraduate Programs, Touro College Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Martin J. Dorahy, PhD, Professor of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Ingo Schäfer, MD, MPH, Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Ha...

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The Editors

Andrew Moskowitz, PhD, Professor of Psychology, Dean of Undergraduate Programs, Touro College Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Martin J. Dorahy, PhD, Professor of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Ingo Schäfer, MD, MPH, Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

The painting on the front cover, Composition VI, was created by Wassily Kandinsky in 1913. Inspired by the Biblical story of the Great Flood, Kandinsky drew on themes of destruction and rebirth in developing these images.

About the Editors ix
Notes on Contributors xi
Foreword from the Trauma Field xxi
Chris R. Brewin
Foreword from the Psychosis Field xxv
Brian Martindale
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About the Editors ix
Notes on Contributors xi
Foreword from the Trauma Field xxi
Chris R. Brewin
Foreword from the Psychosis Field xxv
Brian Martindale
Introduction 1
Andrew Moskowitz, Martin J. Dorahy, and Ingo Schäfer
Part I Historical and Conceptual Perspectives 7
1 Defining Psychosis, Trauma, and Dissociation: Historical and Contemporary Conceptions 9
Andrew Moskowitz, Markus Heinimaa, and Onno van der Hart
2 Historical Conceptions of Dissociative and Psychotic Disorders: From Mesmer to the Twentieth Century 31
Warwick Middleton, Martin J. Dorahy, and Andrew Moskowitz
3 Hysterical Psychosis: A Historical Review and Empirical Evaluation 43
Eliezer Witztum and Onno van der Hart
4 The Role of Dissociation in the Historical Concept of Schizophrenia 55
Andrew Moskowitz and Gerhard Heim
5 Ego‐Fragmentation in Schizophrenia: A Severe Dissociation of Self‐Experience 69
Christian Scharfetter
6 From Hysteria to Chronic Relational Trauma Disorder: The History of Borderline Personality Disorder and Its Connection to Trauma, Dissociation, and Psychosis 83
Elizabeth Howell
7 An Attachment Perspective on Schizophrenia: The Role of Disorganized Attachment, Dissociation, and Mentalization 97
Andrew Gumley and Giovanni Liotti
8 Childhood Experiences and Delusions: Trauma, Memory, and the Double Bind 117
Andrew Moskowitz and Rosario Montirosso
Part II Research Perspectives 141
9 Childhood Trauma in Psychotic and Dissociative Disorders 143
James G. Scott, Colin A. Ross, Martin J. Dorahy, John Read, and Ingo Schäfer
10 Structural Brain Changes in Psychotic Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, and After Childhood Adversity: Similarities and Differences 159
Roar Fosse, Andrew Moskowitz, Ciaran Shannon, and Ciaran Mulholland
11 Dissociative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders 179
Ingo Schäfer, Volkmar Aderhold, Harald J. Freyberger, Carsten Spitzer, and Katrin Schroeder
12 Psychotic Symptoms in Dissociative Disorders 195
Vedat Şar and Erdinç Öztürk
13 Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: Prevalence, Phenomenology, and the Dissociation Hypothesis 207
Eleanor Longden, Andrew Moskowitz, Martin J. Dorahy, and Salvador Perona‐Garcelán
14 The Value of Hypnotizability in Differentiating Dissociative from Psychotic Disorders 223
Joost B. C. Mertens and Eric Vermetten
15 Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder and Schizotypal Personality Disorder 241
Holly K. Hamilton and Daphne Simeon
16 Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder with Psychotic Features 257
Cherie Armour, Mark Shevlin, Ask Elklit, and James Houston
17 Memory Disturbances in Schizophrenia and Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder 271
Cherrie Galletly and Sandy McFarlane
18 Cognitive Perspectives on Dissociation and Psychosis: Differences in the Processing of Threat? 283
Martin J. Dorahy and Melissa J. Green
19 Dissociative Psychosis: Clinical and Theoretical Aspects 307
Onno van der Hart and Eliezer Witztum
20 Dissociative Schizophrenia: A Proposed Subtype of Schizophrenia 321
Colin A. Ross
21 Advances in Clinical Assessment: The Differential Diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder and Schizophrenia 335
Marlene Steinberg
22 A Psychological Assessment Perspective on Clinical and Conceptual Distinctions Between Dissociative Disorders and Psychotic Disorders 351
Bethany L. Brand, Helle Spindler, and Renn Cannon
23 The Role of Double Binds, Reality Testing, and Chronic Relational Trauma in the Genesis and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder 367
Ruth A. Blizard
24 Accepting and Working with Voices: The Maastricht Approach 381
Dirk Corstens, Sandra Escher, Marius Romme, and Eleanor Longden
25 Trauma Therapy for Psychosis?: Research and Clinical Experience Using EMDR
with Psychotic Patients 397
Anabel Gonzalez, Dolores Mosquera, and Andrew M. Leeds
26 Treating Dissociative and Psychotic Disorders Psychodynamically 411
Valerie E. Sinason and Ann‐Louise S. Silver
27 Dissociation, Psychosis and Spirituality: Whose Voices are We Hearing? 427
Patte Randal, Jim Geekie, Ingo Lambrecht, and Melissa Taitimu
Index 441
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