Outdoor Recreation

This textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the environmental impacts of various types of outdoor recreation, and how these can be best managed. As a field of study, recreational ecology is both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, and the authors seek to develop a deeper understanding of both the role and function of the factors that influence visitor numbers and th...

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This textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the environmental impacts of various types of outdoor recreation, and how these can be best managed. As a field of study, recreational ecology is both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, and the authors seek to develop a deeper understanding of both the role and function of the factors that influence visitor numbers and their impact. An accessible and comprehensive textbook, it features numerous types of outdoor recreational activities including hill walking, rock climbing, mountain marathons, skiing, scuba diving and more.

Drawn from several global case studies, the authors estimate the current and future numbers involved in outdoor recreation, and how best these numbers can be managed. Effective visitor impact management actions arise from collaboration between recreation ecologists, social scientists, experienced recreation managers, recreation stakeholders and the recreationalists themselves: as such, this book will be multi-disciplinary in scope. This practical and engaging textbook will be invaluable to students and scholars of outdoor recreation and adventure tourism as well as practitioners and managers working in the field.

David Huddart is Emeritus Professor at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has extensive experience teaching landscape interpretation, recreation ecology, and outdoor and environmental education.

Tim Stott is Professor of Physical Geography and Outdoor Education at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has been responsible for leading and teaching on the Outdoor Educati...

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David Huddart is Emeritus Professor at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has extensive experience teaching landscape interpretation, recreation ecology, and outdoor and environmental education.

Tim Stott is Professor of Physical Geography and Outdoor Education at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has been responsible for leading and teaching on the Outdoor Education programmes for 25 years.

1 Introduction to Outdoor Recreation and Recreation Ecology 1
1.1 Outdoor Recreation 1
1.2 Recreation Impacts and Recreation Ecology 1
1.3 The Recreation Management System in the USA 2
1.3.1 US National Park Service 3
1.3.1.1 The Acts Establishing the National Park Service 4
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1 Introduction to Outdoor Recreation and Recreation Ecology 1
1.1 Outdoor Recreation 1
1.2 Recreation Impacts and Recreation Ecology 1
1.3 The Recreation Management System in the USA 2
1.3.1 US National Park Service 3
1.3.1.1 The Acts Establishing the National Park Service 4
1.3.1.2 The National Parks Omnibus ManagementAct of 1998 4
1.3.1.3 The Management Policies and Guidelines 4
1.3.1.4 Visitor Carrying Capacity Decision-Making 6
1.3.1.5 Visitor Perceptions of Resource Conditions 8
1.3.1.6 Monitoring Programme Capabilities 8
1.3.2 Management Considerations 8
1.3.2.1 Evaluating Impact Acceptability 8
1.3.2.2 Site Management of Recreation Sites 9
1.3.2.3 Visitor Management 11
1.3.2.4 Construct and Manage Facilities 11
1.3.2.5 Educational Practices 11
1.3.2.6 Leave No Trace Programmes and Information 12
1.3.3 Other Environmental Impacts That Are NotRecreation-Induced 13
References 14
2 Recreational Walking 17
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Devotional Trails 18
2.3 Formal and Informal Trails 18
2.4 Global Perspective on the Numbers Involved 20
2.5 Trampling 21
2.6 Footpath Erosion 22
2.7 Trampling Impacts on Vegetation 23
2.8 Trampling Impacts on Soils 27
2.9 Trampling Impacts on Water Quality 28
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Front Matter ....Pages i-xxxii
Introduction to Outdoor Recreation and Recreation Ecology (David Huddart)....Pages 1-15
Recreational Walking (David Huddart)....Pages 17-54
Mountain Marathons, Adventure Racing, and Mountain Tours (Tim Stott)....Pages 55-71
Recreational Climbing and Scrambling (David Huddart)....Pages 73-109
Gorge Walking, Canyoneering, or Canyoning (David Huddart)....Pages 111-130
Off-Road and All-Terrain Vehicles, Including Snowmobiling (Tim Stott)....Pages 131-162
Mountain Biking (Tim Stott)....Pages 163-185
Camping, Wild Camping, Snow Holing, and Bothies (Tim Stott)....Pages 187-214
Horseback Riding (David Huddart)....Pages 215-248
Geocaching, Letterboxing, and Orienteering (David Huddart)....Pages 249-265
Skiing, Snowboarding, and Snowshoeing (Tim Stott)....Pages 267-297
Caving (David Huddart)....Pages 299-329
Water Sports and Water-Based Recreation (Tim Stott)....Pages 331-359
Recreational Scuba Diving and Snorkelling (David Huddart)....Pages 361-394
Recreational Fishing (David Huddart)....Pages 395-428
Expeditions (Tim Stott)....Pages 429-446
Overall Summary (David Huddart)....Pages 447-457
Back Matter ....Pages 459-466
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