世界文明史

卷首语. ............................................................................................................................ 2
序. .................................................................................................................................... 3
神权时代 第1章多神时期(1).............................................................8
近东文明.........................................................................................................9
近东文明之一──美索不达米亚...............................................................11
一、政治变迁. .............................................................................................. 11
· · · · · · (更多)

卷首语. ............................................................................................................................ 2
序. .................................................................................................................................... 3
神权时代 第1章多神时期(1).............................................................8
近东文明.........................................................................................................9
近东文明之一──美索不达米亚...............................................................11
一、政治变迁. .............................................................................................. 11
二、文物...................................................................................................... 13
三、思想及宗教. .......................................................................................... 14
四、法律及日常生活................................................................................... 15
近东文明之二──古埃及...........................................................................17
一、源起...................................................................................................... 17
二、政治变迁. .............................................................................................. 17
三、神话与宗教. .......................................................................................... 18
四、社会...................................................................................................... 19
五、金字塔及木乃伊................................................................................... 19
六、象形文字. .............................................................................................. 20
近东文明之三──亚述...............................................................................21
一、政治...................................................................................................... 21
二、文物...................................................................................................... 21
近东文明之四──希伯来...........................................................................22
一、源起...................................................................................................... 22
二、政治变迁. .............................................................................................. 23
三、宗教...................................................................................................... 24
四、社会...................................................................................................... 25
五、婚姻...................................................................................................... 25
六、生活...................................................................................................... 26
近东文明之五──腓尼基...........................................................................26
近东文明之六──西台...............................................................................27
近东文明之七──波斯...............................................................................28
一、地理环境. .............................................................................................. 28
二、崛起...................................................................................................... 28
三、政治...................................................................................................... 29
四、帝国...................................................................................................... 29
五、宗教...................................................................................................... 30
第2章多神时期(2) ..........................................................31
南亚文明──印度文化...............................................................................31
一、古印度文明. .......................................................................................... 32
二、吠陀文明. .............................................................................................. 33
三、政治发展. .............................................................................................. 35
四、宗教改革. .............................................................................................. 36
五、印度人思想. .......................................................................................... 38
六、印度文学与科学................................................................................... 39
第3章多神时期(3)...........................................................40
古典文明.......................................................................................................40
古典文明之一──希腊...............................................................................42
一、地理环境. .............................................................................................. 42
二、政治变迁. .............................................................................................. 42
三、文学...................................................................................................... 50
四、史学...................................................................................................... 50
五、戏剧...................................................................................................... 51
六、哲学...................................................................................................... 53
七、艺术与建筑. .......................................................................................... 55
八、生活...................................................................................................... 56
九、宗教与竞技. .......................................................................................... 57
古典文明之二──希腊化文明...................................................................58
一、亚历山大大帝功业............................................................................... 60
二、后亚历山大时期................................................................................... 61
三、哲学...................................................................................................... 64
四、文学、史学与艺术............................................................................... 66
五、科学与医学. .......................................................................................... 67
古典文明之三──罗马...............................................................................68
一、地理环境. .............................................................................................. 69
二、.崛起..................................................................................................... 70
三、历史变迁. .............................................................................................. 71
四、.政治..................................................................................................... 80
五、法律...................................................................................................... 82
六、社会...................................................................................................... 82
七、经济...................................................................................................... 84
八、罗马生活. .............................................................................................. 84
九、罗马文学与史学................................................................................... 85
十、罗马衰亡. .............................................................................................. 85
第4章一神时期(1) .......................................................... 90
启示文明.......................................................................................................90
启示文明之一──基督教...........................................................................91
一、基督教的时代背景............................................................................... 87
二、耶稣之出生. .......................................................................................... 91
三、耶稣基督之门徒................................................................................... 92
四、教义...................................................................................................... 93
五、基督宗教合法化经过........................................................................... 93
六、教会及修会. .......................................................................................... 94
七、异端与争议. .......................................................................................... 96
八、传教...................................................................................................... 96
启示文明之二──日耳曼...........................................................................97
一、部族...................................................................................................... 97
二、社会.................................................................................................... 100
启示文明之三──伊斯兰教.....................................................................101
一、穆罕默德. ............................................................................................ 103
二、教义.................................................................................................... 103
三、扩张.................................................................................................... 104
四、文化.................................................................................................... 105
启示文明之四──拜占廷帝国.................................................................107
一、帝国(Byzantine.Empire)的出现. .......................................................... 107
二、政权.................................................................................................... 109
三、法律：《查士丁尼法典》. ................................................................. 109
四、东正教会. ............................................................................................ 110
五、艺术.................................................................................................... 111
六、文化.................................................................................................... 111
第5章一神时期(2)......................................................... 112
欧洲中古时期.............................................................................................112
一、政治.................................................................................................... 112
二、社会.................................................................................................... 125
三、生活.................................................................................................... 129
四、教士、修道院与教会改革. ................................................................. 132
五、政教冲突. ............................................................................................ 137
六、大学(university)................................................................................... 139
七、思想.................................................................................................... 141
八、中古史学. ............................................................................................ 142
九、艺术.................................................................................................... 143
十、外交：十字军东征............................................................................. 144
十一、黑死病(Black.Death). ....................................................................... 146
第6章神权王权转型期 ................................................. 149
世俗化文明.................................................................................................149
世俗化文明之一──文艺复兴.................................................................150
一、原因.................................................................................................... 150
二、特色：人文主义................................................................................. 152
三、成就.................................................................................................... 154
四、对社会影响. ........................................................................................ 158
五、北方人文运动..................................................................................... 160
世俗化文明之二──海路开通.................................................................162
一、欧洲人海外探险之起源..................................................................... 164
二、欧洲人海外探险之动机..................................................................... 164
三、欧洲人海外探险的条件..................................................................... 165
四、欧洲人海外探险经过......................................................................... 166
五、影响.................................................................................................... 169
一、形成期. ................................................................................................ 170
二、古典时期：马雅文明......................................................................... 170
三、后古典时期. ........................................................................................ 171
世俗化文明之三──宗教改革.................................................................174
一、背景.................................................................................................... 175
二、源起.................................................................................................... 176
三、改革经过. ............................................................................................ 176
世俗化文明之四──宗教战争.................................................................187
一、日耳曼. ................................................................................................ 188
二、法国.................................................................................................... 188
三、荷兰独立. ............................................................................................ 190
四、三十年战争(1618—1648)................................................................... 192
结语.............................................................................................................195
附录：通识教育中──西洋史理念与架构之重建.................196
摘要............................................................................................................ 196
一、问题与困惑. ........................................................................................ 197
二、理念之重建. ........................................................................................ 198
三、架构之重整. ........................................................................................ 201
四、教学与展望. ........................................................................................ 208
卷首语. ........................................................................................................................210
序. ................................................................................................................................211
王权时代 第7章前理性时代(17世纪) ............................................216
政治变迁──王权政治.............................................................................217
一、西欧专制王权. ....................................................................................217
二、西欧宪政王权. ....................................................................................223
三、东欧专制王权. ....................................................................................228
社会与文艺.................................................................................................235
一、社会....................................................................................................235
二、文艺....................................................................................................236
思想──科学革命.....................................................................................239
一、科学思想的发展.................................................................................240
二、科学革命的历史条件.........................................................................241
三、科学革命思想的建构.........................................................................242
四、科学革命的结果.................................................................................245
第8章理性时代(18世纪) ............................................... 246
政治变迁.....................................................................................................247
一、美国：独立革命.................................................................................248
二、法国：大革命.....................................................................................251
三、英国：王政. ........................................................................................261
四、中欧与东欧的政治.............................................................................263
思想与文化.................................................................................................267
一、启蒙运动. ............................................................................................267
二、进步史学. ............................................................................................273
三、文化表现. ............................................................................................274
社.会.........................................................................................................276
一、贵族社会. ............................................................................................276
二、农人社会. ............................................................................................278
三、市民社会. ............................................................................................278
经.济.........................................................................................................279
一、经济理论. ............................................................................................279
二、经济活动. ............................................................................................280
生.活.........................................................................................................281
一、天候与交通. ........................................................................................281
二、寿命....................................................................................................281
三、人生历程. ............................................................................................282
四、疾病....................................................................................................283
五、饮食....................................................................................................284
人权时代 第9章反理性时代(19世纪) ...........................................286
政治变迁──国家主义政治.....................................................................289
一、19世纪上半叶欧洲政局. .....................................................................289
二、19世纪下半叶欧洲政局. .....................................................................295
工业革命.....................................................................................................302
一、源起....................................................................................................302
二、经过....................................................................................................302
三、工业化的发展与影响.........................................................................304
四、新生活. ................................................................................................305
政治思潮.....................................................................................................307
一、自由主义(Liberalism). ..........................................................................307
二、国家主义. ............................................................................................308
三、乌托邦社会主义.................................................................................309
四、马克思社会主义.................................................................................310
文艺思想.....................................................................................................310
一、文学....................................................................................................311
二、音乐....................................................................................................313
三、哲学....................................................................................................314
四、艺术....................................................................................................316
自然科学发展.............................................................................................318
一、生物学. ................................................................................................318
二、心理学与社会学.................................................................................318
史学──浪漫史学及历史主义.................................................................319
第10章后理性时代(20世纪) ..........................................321
政治变迁──国际政治.............................................................................329
一、一次大战前的情势.............................................................................329
二、国际情势. ............................................................................................333
三、第一次世界大战.................................................................................335
四、第一次世界大战后的重建. .................................................................338
五、第一、第二次世界大战间歇期. .........................................................342
六、第二次世界大战.................................................................................351
七、二次大战后世界秩序的重建. .............................................................362
八、冷战....................................................................................................366
九、冷战后期至后冷战时期(1975—2000)................................................374
十、非洲....................................................................................................381
十一、东北亚. ............................................................................................390
十二、东南亚. ............................................................................................391
十三、南亚. ................................................................................................393
十四、中东. ................................................................................................396
十五、拉丁美洲. ........................................................................................404
经.济.........................................................................................................407
一、国际新经济架构.................................................................................407
二、跨国经济体制出现.............................................................................408
技术革新.....................................................................................................409
一、二次大战前的科技发展.....................................................................410
二、第二次世界大战后的科技发展. .........................................................411
社会生活.....................................................................................................413
文.化.........................................................................................................415
一、思想方面. ............................................................................................415
二、文学....................................................................................................419
三、史学....................................................................................................421
四、心理学. ................................................................................................424
五、艺术....................................................................................................425
六、电影....................................................................................................426
七、音乐....................................................................................................427
八、次文化. ................................................................................................428
九、新文化. ................................................................................................430
展望21世纪.................................................................................................432
结.论.........................................................................................................432
附录:历史中的文化课题──对西方“文化”概念的省思.......................................................... 434 摘要............................................................................................................434
一、文化的定义. ........................................................................................435
二、文化的研究. ........................................................................................436
三、当代的文化研究.................................................................................443
四、结论....................................................................................................448
参考书目......................................................................... 450
· · · · · · (收起)