The Tipping Point的笔记(13)

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  第54页

  lookass

  People weren't getting their jobs through their friends. They were getting them through their acquaintances. Why is this? Granovetter argues that it is because when it comes to finding out about new jobs — or, for that matter, new information, or new ideas — "weak ties" are always more important than strong ties. Your friends, after all, occupy the same world that you do. They might wo... (更多)

  People weren't getting their jobs through their friends. They were getting them through their acquaintances. Why is this? Granovetter argues that it is because when it comes to finding out about new jobs — or, for that matter, new information, or new ideas — "weak ties" are always more important than strong ties. Your friends, after all, occupy the same world that you do. They might work with you, or live near you, and go to the same churches, schools, or parties. How much, then, would they know that you wouldn't know? Your acquaintances, on the other hand, by definition occupy a very different world than you. They are much more likely to know something that you don't. To capture this apparent paradox, Granovetter coined a marvelous phrase: the strength of weak ties. Acquaintances, in short, represent a source of social power, and the more acquaintances you have the more powerful you are. Connectors like Lois Weisberg and Roger Horchow — who are masters of the weak tie — are extraordinarily powerful. We rely on them to give us access to opportunities and worlds to which we don't belong. This principle holds for more than just jobs, of course. It also holds for restaurants, movies, fashion trends, or anything else that moves by word of mouth. It isn't just the case that the closer someone is to a Connector, the more powerful or the wealthier or the more opportunities he or she gets. It's also the case that the closer an idea or a product comes to a Connector, the more power and opportunity it has as well. Could this be one of the reasons Hush Puppies suddenly became a major fashion trend? Along the way from the East Village to Middle America, a Connector or a series of Connectors must have suddenly become enamored of them, and through their enormous social connections, their long lists of weak ties, their role in multiple worlds and subcultures, they must have been able to take those shoes and send them in a thousand directions at once — to make them really tip. Hush Puppies, in a sense then, got lucky. And perhaps one of the reasons why so many fashion trends don't make it into mainstream America is that simply, by sheerest bad fortune, they never happen to meet the approval of a Connector along the way.

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  2011-04-27 10:27:51   回应

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  mind map

  心安河边草 (许我向你看)

  

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  2012-05-31 16:57:48   回应

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  第576页

  David Adam (honest,curiosity,learning-4EV)

  We like to think of ourselves as autonomous and inner directed, that who we are and how we act is something permanently set by our genes and our temperament. But if you add up the examples of Salesmen and Connectors, of Paul Revere’s ride and Blue’s Clues, and the Rule of 150 and the New York subway cleanup and the Fundamental Attribution Error, they amount to a very different conclusion about w... (更多)

  We like to think of ourselves as autonomous and inner directed, that who we are and how we act is something permanently set by our genes and our temperament. But if you add up the examples of Salesmen and Connectors, of Paul Revere’s ride and Blue’s Clues, and the Rule of 150 and the New York subway cleanup and the Fundamental Attribution Error, they amount to a very different conclusion about what it means to be human. We are actually powerfully influenced by our surroundings, our immediate context, and the personalities of those around us... (收起)

  2012-04-27 17:25:09   回应

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  第494页

  David Adam (honest,curiosity,learning-4EV)

  看下面这段，然后想起了电影"Thank You For Smoke": Why do we think, for example, that the key to fighting smoking is educating people about the risks of cigarettes? Harvard University economist W. Kip Viscusi recently asked a group of smokers to guess how many years of life, on average, smoking from the age of twenty one onward would cost them. They guessed nine years. The real answer i... (更多)

  看下面这段，然后想起了电影"Thank You For Smoke":

  Why do we think, for example, that the key to fighting smoking is educating people about the risks of cigarettes? Harvard University economist W. Kip Viscusi recently asked a group of smokers to guess how many years of life, on average, smoking from the age of twenty one onward would cost them. They guessed nine years. The real answer is somewhere around six or seven. Smokers aren’t smokers because they underestimate the risks of smoking. They smoke even though they overestimate the risk of smoking. At the same time, it is not clear how effective it is to have adults tell teenagers that they shouldn’t smoke. As any parent of a teenage child will tell you, the essential contrariness of adolescents suggests that the more adults inveigh against smoking and lecture teenagers about its dangers, the more teens, paradoxically, will want to try it. Sure enough, if you look at smoking trends over the past decade or so, that is exactly what has happened. The anti smoking movement has never been louder or more prominent. Yet all signs suggest that among the young the anti smoking message is backfiring. Between 1993 and 1997, the number of college students who smoke jumped from 22.3 percent to 28.5 percent. Between 1991 and 1997, the number of high school students who smoke jumped 32 percent. Since 1988, in fact, the total number of teen smokers in the United States has risen an extraordinary 73 percent. There are few public health programs in recent years that have fallen as short of their mission as the war on smoking.

  The lesson here is not that we should give up trying to fight cigarettes. The point is simply that the way we have tended to think about the causes of smoking doesn’t make a lot of sense.

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  2012-04-25 17:23:52   回应

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  第1页

  吉祥三宝NJ

  Connector: it’s important to live in different world, but people in one world are more willing to know people outside their own world, know the things from other world. Connector is also the master of the so called “weak ties” which are established by living in different worlds. (更多)

  Connector: it’s important to live in different world, but people in one world are more willing to know people outside their own world, know the things from other world. Connector is also the master of the so called “weak ties” which are established by living in different worlds. (收起)

  2012-01-15 05:44:06   回应

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  第155页

  MysteRy (soundclous.com/mariamin)

  Most psychologists believe that nature -genetics-accounts for about half of the reason why we tend to act the way we do. But there are certain times and places and conditions when much of that can be swept away by changing the immediate details of their situation. 人的特质是要跟环境结合考虑的。When we think only in terms of inherent traits and forget the role of situations, we are deceiving... (更多)

  Most psychologists believe that nature -genetics-accounts for about half of the reason why we tend to act the way we do.

  But there are certain times and places and conditions when much of that can be swept away by changing the immediate details of their situation.

  人的特质是要跟环境结合考虑的。When we think only in terms of inherent traits and forget the role of situations, we are deceiving ourselves about the real causes of human behavior. (收起)

  2011-05-07 14:30:27   回应

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  第90页

  MysteRy (soundclous.com/mariamin)

  看文字比看视频学的快。视频冲击大，印象小，来得快去的也快。 Once something becomes practical and personal, it becomes memorable. (更多)

  看文字比看视频学的快。视频冲击大，印象小，来得快去的也快。

  Once something becomes practical and personal, it becomes memorable. (收起)

  2011-04-16 16:08:07   2回应

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  第6页

  徐杰 (http://site.douban.com/137251/)

  police precinct： 警察分管区 (更多)

  police precinct： 警察分管区 (收起)

  2011-02-01 10:03:14   回应

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  第16页

  徐杰 (http://site.douban.com/137251/)

  cut back：削减 "Then the city decided to gradually cut back because of budgetary problems. medical personnel：医务人员 outreach：外展服务（在服务机构以外的场所提供的社区服务等） There also was a similar drop in the amount of field outreach staff. bureaucracy：官僚体制；官僚主义；官僚作风 It was a worst-case scenario of city bureaucracy not functioning. equilibrium：平衡；均衡... (更多)

  cut back：削减

  "Then the city decided to gradually cut back because of budgetary problems.

  medical personnel：医务人员

  outreach：外展服务（在服务机构以外的场所提供的社区服务等）

  There also was a similar drop in the amount of field outreach staff.

  bureaucracy：官僚体制；官僚主义；官僚作风

  It was a worst-case scenario of city bureaucracy not functioning.

  equilibrium：平衡；均衡；均势

  in other words, the disease was kept in equilibrium.

  erupt：爆发

  infectious ：传染性的

  epidemiologist：流行病学家

  culprit：肇事者；引起问题的事物 （a person or thing responsible for causing a problem ）

  His culprits are the physical changes in those years affecting East and West Baltimore, the heavily depressed neighborhoods on either side of Baltimore's downtown, where the syphilis problem was centered.

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  2011-01-31 20:25:36   回应

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  第13页

  徐杰 (http://site.douban.com/137251/)

  syphilis：梅毒 right angle：直角 If you look at Baltimore's syphilis rates on a graph, the line runs straight for years and then, when it hits 1995, rises almost at a right angle. cocaine：可卡因 crack：纯可卡因 likelihood：可能性 It brings far more people into poor areas to buy drugs, which then increases the likelihood that they will take an infection home with them to their own ne... (更多)

  syphilis：梅毒

  right angle：直角

  If you look at Baltimore's syphilis rates on a graph, the line runs straight for years and then, when it hits 1995, rises almost at a right angle.

  cocaine：可卡因

  crack：纯可卡因

  likelihood：可能性

  It brings far more people into poor areas to buy drugs, which then increases the likelihood that they will take an infection home with them to their own neighborhood.

  raging epidemic：肆虐的传染病

  Crack,the CDC said, was the little push that the syphilis problem needed to turn into a raging epidemic.

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  2011-01-31 20:12:38   回应

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