The Elements of Style, Fourth Edition的笔记(28)

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第80页

口口口算了:@ (不傲不隐不瞽)

这个不错：不要太自大的夹入自己个人感情色彩：假如你收到邀请给猫医院剪彩但是你很讨厌猫，其实你只要拒绝邀请就好了，你可以表明自己不喜欢猫，但是没有必要诋毁猫，因为这个不过是你的个人意见而已。前后几段关于egotism的说法，对我很有帮助。 (更多)

这个不错：
不要太自大的夹入自己个人感情色彩：
假如你收到邀请给猫医院剪彩但是你很讨厌猫，其实你只要拒绝邀请就好了，你可以表明自己不喜欢猫，但是没有必要诋毁猫，因为这个不过是你的个人意见而已。
前后几段关于egotism的说法，对我很有帮助。 (收起)

2011-11-12 07:03:29 回应

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第69页

Jean

The click and flow of a word processor can be seductive, and you may find yourself adding a few unnecessary words or even a whole passage just to experience the pleasure of running your fingers over the keyboard and watching your words appear on the screen. 这句话真是深入人心啊，我就有这个毛病。其实更想体验一下外国人用打字机打字的感觉。摁几个键，字母就在面前的纸张上蹦出来。 (更多)

The click and flow of a word processor can be seductive, and you may find yourself adding a few unnecessary words or even a whole passage just to experience the pleasure of running your fingers over the keyboard and watching your words appear on the screen.
这句话真是深入人心啊，我就有这个毛病。其实更想体验一下外国人用打字机打字的感觉。摁几个键，字母就在面前的纸张上蹦出来。 (收起)

2012-05-24 22:32:02 回应

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第14页

大尾巴哈士奇

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2012-05-24 21:52:39 回应

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第172页

kss (Keep Peace of Mind)

规则十四：使用主动语态：使得文章显得生动有力。 eg.There were a great number of dead lives lying on the ground 应为：Dead leaves covered the ground. 规则十五：话要从正面说，避免使用沉闷单调，吞吞吐吐，含糊暧昧的语言。例如：他认为学习拉丁语不是一种明智的利用时间的方法。应为：他认为学习拉丁语浪费时间。规则十六：使用肯定、... (更多)

规则十四：使用主动语态：使得文章显得生动有力。 eg.There were a great number of dead lives lying on the ground 应为：Dead leaves covered the ground. 规则十五：话要从正面说，避免使用沉闷单调，吞吞吐吐，含糊暧昧的语言。例如：他认为学习拉丁语不是一种明智的利用时间的方法。应为：他认为学习拉丁语浪费时间。规则十六：使用肯定、明确、具体的词语说话务必明确、肯定、具体，切忌笼统、含糊、抽象。例如：一段不佳的天气开始了。应为：一星期来天天下雨。例如：他获得应有的报酬之后很满意。应为：他一面把钱装入口袋一面咧着嘴笑。研究过写作技巧的人都同意：唤起并吸引读者注意力最可靠的办法是说话明确、肯定而具体。那些最伟大的作家--但丁、荷马、莎士比亚--之所以成功，是因为他们描述了至关重要的详情与细节，真是诗中有画。规则十七：省略不必要的词规则二十：把相关的词放在一起提示一：不要有意显露自己提示二：文章要写的自然提示三：写文章要有适当的构思提示四：多用名词与动词提示七：不要过甚其实提示八：避免使用修饰语提示十一：不要解释的太多提示十七：不要妄加评论
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2012-05-05 19:35:51 回应

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第16页

小米粒

1. form the possessive singular of nouns with 's 2. use a coma after each term except the last--in three or more terms 3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas.--两个逗号之间--插入语 non-restrictive relative clauses are set off by commas. 非限制性关系从句 restrictive relative clauses are not set off by commas. 限制性关系从句 etc. and jr. 后面务必跟上commas，除非是在句尾 ... (更多)

1. form the possessive singular of nouns with 's
2. use a coma after each term except the last--in three or more terms
3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas.--两个逗号之间--插入语
non-restrictive relative clauses are set off by commas. 非限制性关系从句
restrictive relative clauses are not set off by commas. 限制性关系从句
etc. and jr. 后面务必跟上commas，除非是在句尾
如果一个插入句子在连接词之前，则逗号放在连接词之前，而非后面。例如：he saw us coming, and unaware that we had learned of his treachery, greeted us with a smile.
4.and, but之前的comma， introduce an independent clauses (收起)

2012-04-24 10:11:09 回应

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Chapter II

Orpheus (Go forth and multiply.)

Always 's ","parenthetic expressions"," Before Conj "," Before "And", "But" "," Before Adverb ";" Use "As" instead of "so" (更多)

Always 's
","parenthetic expressions","
Before Conj ","
Before "And", "But" ","
Before Adverb ";"
Use "As" instead of "so" (收起)

2012-03-21 22:17:19 回应

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Chapter V WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS COMMONLY MISUSED

Linsey涤生~ (什么都不会什么都不会小姐。)

Compare. To compare to is to point out or imply resemblances, between objects regarded as essentially of different order; to compare with is mainly to point out differences, between objects regarded as essentially of the same order. Consider. Not followed by as when it means, “believe to be.” Etc. Not to be used of persons. However. In the meaning nevertheless, not to come ﬁrst in... (更多)

Compare. To compare to is to point out or imply resemblances, between objects regarded as essentially of different order; to compare with is mainly to point out differences, between objects regarded as essentially of the same order.
Consider. Not followed by as when it means, “believe to be.”
Etc. Not to be used of persons.
However. In the meaning nevertheless, not to come ﬁrst in its sentence or clause.
When however comes ﬁrst, it means in whatever way or to whatever extent.
Less. Less refers to quantity, fewer to number
State. Not to be used as a mere substitute for say, remark. Restrict it to the sense of
express fully or clearly, as, “He refused to state his objections.”
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2011-12-26 18:58:40 回应

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Chapter IV A FEW MATTERS OF FORM

Linsey涤生~ (什么都不会什么都不会小姐。)

Quotations of an entire line, or more, of verse, are begun on a fresh line and centred, but not enclosed in quotation marks Omit the words act, scene, line, book, volume, page, except when referring by only one of them. (更多)

Quotations of an entire line, or more, of verse, are begun on a fresh line and centred, but not enclosed in quotation marks
Omit the words act, scene, line, book, volume, page, except when referring by only one of them.
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2011-12-26 18:45:54 回应

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Chapter III ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION

Linsey涤生~ (什么都不会什么都不会小姐。)

9. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic A short notice of a book or poem might consist of a single paragraph. One slightly longer might consist of two paragraphs: A. Account of the work. B. Critical discussion. A report on a poem, written for a class in literature, might consist of seven paragraphs: A. Facts of composition and publication. B. Kind of p... (更多)

9. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic
A short notice of a book or poem might consist of a single paragraph. One slightly longer
might consist of two paragraphs:
A. Account of the work.
B. Critical discussion.
A report on a poem, written for a class in literature, might consist of seven paragraphs:
A. Facts of composition and publication.
B. Kind of poem; metrical form.
C. Subject.
D. Treatment of subject.
E. For what chieﬂy remarkable.
F. Wherein characteristic of the writer.
G. Relationship to other works
A novel might be discussed under the heads:
A. Setting.
B. Plot.
C. Characters.
D. Purpose.
A historical event might be discussed under the heads:
A. What led up to the event.
B. Account of the event.
C. What the event led up to.
10. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in
conformity with the beginning
The most generally useful kind of paragraph, particularly in exposition and argument, is that in which
A. the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning;
B. the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement
made in the topic sentence; and
C. the ﬁnal sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or
states some important consequence.
11. Use the active voice
The active voice is usually more direct and vigorous than the passive
The need of making a particular word the subject of the sentence will often, as in these examples, determine which voice is to be used
As a rule, avoid making one passive depend directly upon another
12. Put statements in positive form
Consciously or unconsciously, the reader is dissatisﬁed with being told only what is not; he wishes to be told what is.
13. Omit needless words
14. Avoid a succession of loose sentences
15. Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form
16. Keep related words together
The relative pronoun should come, as a rule, immediately after its antecedent.
17. In summaries, keep to one tense
18. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end
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2011-12-26 16:38:26 回应

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第3页

Linsey涤生~ (什么都不会什么都不会小姐。)

Chapter II ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE 1. Form the possessive singular of nouns with ’s 2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last（这个我最近才意识到！！） In the names of business ﬁrms the last comma is omitted 3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas Restrictive relative clauses are not set of... (更多)

Chapter II
ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE
1. Form the possessive singular of nouns with ’s
2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last（这个我最近才意识到！！）
In the names of business ﬁrms the last comma is omitted
3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas
Restrictive relative clauses are not set off by commas
If a parenthetic expression is preceded by a conjunction, place the ﬁrst comma before
the conjunction, not after it.
4. Place a comma before and or but introducing an independent clause
Further, and, is the least speciﬁc of connectives.
5. Do not join independent clauses by a comma
If a conjunction is inserted, the proper mark is a comma (Rule 4).
6. Do not break sentences in two
7. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject
8. Divide words at line-ends, in accordance with their formation and pronunciation
A. Divide the word according to its formation
B. Divide “on the vowel
C. Divide between double letters, unless they come at the end of the simple form of the word
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2011-12-26 16:01:42 2回应

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>The Elements of Style, Fourth Edition