In a Different Voice的笔记(4)

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  第104页

  高和

  The blind willingness to sacrifice people to truth, however, has always been the danger of an ethics abstacted from life. (更多)

  The blind willingness to sacrifice people to truth, however, has always been the danger of an ethics abstacted from life. (收起)

  2011-11-29 12:41:39   回应

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  第62页

  高和

  While the truths of psychological theory have blinded psychologists to the truth of women's experience, that experience illuminates a world which psychologists have found hard to trace, a territory where violence is rare and relationships appear safe. The reason women's experience has been so difficult to decipher or even discern is that a shift in the imagery of relationships gives rise to a prob... (更多)

  While the truths of psychological theory have blinded psychologists to the truth of women's experience, that experience illuminates a world which psychologists have found hard to trace, a territory where violence is rare and relationships appear safe. The reason women's experience has been so difficult to decipher or even discern is that a shift in the imagery of relationships gives rise to a problem of interpretation. The images of hierarchy and web, drawn from the texts of men's and women's fantasies and thoughts, convey different ways of structuring relationships and are associated with different views of morality and self. But these images creat a problem in understanding because each distorts the other's representation. As the top of hierarchy becomes the edge of the web and as the center of a network of connection becomes the middle of a hierarchical progression, each image marks as dangerous the place which the other defines as safe.

  These disparate visions in their tension reflect the paradoxical truths of human experience ---- that we know ourselves as separate only insofar as we live in connection with others, and that we experience relationship only insofar as we differentiate other from self.

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  2011-11-29 12:09:31   回应

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  第5页

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  In chapter 1, Carol introduced a relational voice and develop its counterpoint with traditional ways of speaking about self, relationship, and morality, as well as the potentials for misunderstanding, conflict,and growth. Consequently, relationships, and particularly issues of dependency, are experienced differently by women and men. For boys and men, separation and individuation are critically t... (更多)

  In chapter 1, Carol introduced a relational voice and develop its counterpoint with traditional ways of speaking about self, relationship, and morality, as well as the potentials for misunderstanding, conflict,and growth.

  Consequently, relationships, and particularly issues of dependency, are experienced differently by women and men. For boys and men, separation and individuation are critically tied to gender identity since separation from the mother is essential for the development of masculinity. For girls and women, issues of femininity or feminine identity do not depend on the achievement of separation from the mother or on the progress of indeviduation. Since masculinity is defined through separation while femininity is defined through attachment, male gender identity is threatened by intimacy while female gender identity is threatened by separation. Thus males tend to have difficulty with relationships, while females tend to have problems with individuation.

  Many observations about sex difference support the conclusion reached by David McClelland(1975) that

  sex role turns out to be one of the most important determinants of human behavior; psychologists have found sex differences in their studies from the moment they started doing empirical research.

  But it's difficult to say "different" without saying "better" or "worse", since there is a tendency to construct a single scale of measurement, and since that scale has generally been derived from and standardized on the basis of men's interpretations of research data drawn predominantly or exclusively from studies of males, psychologists "have tended to regard male behavior as the 'norm' and female behavior as some kind of deviation from that norm". Thus, when women do not conform to the standards of psychological expectation, the conclusion has generally been that something is wrong the women.

  Woman's place in man's life cycle is to protect this recognition while the developmental litany intones the celebration of separation, autonomy, individuation, and natural rights.

  That "recognition" means the continuing importance of attachment in the human life cycle. (收起)

  2011-11-28 12:00:00   回应

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  Women's discovery of the problems that ensue from rendering oneself selfless in order to have "relationships" was momentous in releasing women's voices and making it possible to hear what women know. It was like seeing under the surface or picking up the undercurrents of the human coversation: what is known, and then not known, felt but not spoken. Women's choices not to speak or rather ... (更多)

  Women's discovery of the problems that ensue from rendering oneself selfless in order to have "relationships" was momentous in releasing women's voices and making it possible to hear what women know. It was like seeing under the surface or picking up the undercurrents of the human coversation: what is known, and then not known, felt but not spoken. Women's choices not to speak or rather to dissociate themselves from what they themselves are saying can be deliberate or unwritting, consciously chosen or enacted through the body by narrowing the passages connecting the voice with breath and sound, by keeping the voice high in the head so that it does not carry the depths of human feelings or a mix of feelings and thoughts, or by changing voice, shifting to a more guarded or impersonal register or key. Choices not to speak are often well-intentioned and psychologically protective, motivated by concerns for people's feelings and by an awareness of the realities of one's own and others' lives. And yet by restricting their voices, many women are wittingly or unwittingly perpetuating a male-voiced civilization and an order of living that is founded on disconnecting from women.

  In the New York Review of Books(June 10, 1993), Dworkin, who was led by the work of feminist legal scholars to the women, was struck by what Carol found: the difference between these women's voices and the terms of the public abortion debate. He found them deeply illuminating. He also reached the conclusion:" deciding about abortion is not a unique problem, disconnected from all other decisions, but rather a dramatic and intensely lit example of choices people must make throughout their lives." (收起)

  2011-11-28 11:17:19   回应

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