Outliers

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  第59页

  蘇小麥εїз (世界末日前 好好爱自己)

  一万小时的天才，不只是努力 在Outliers第二章中，Gladwell提出著名的一万小时天才理论，其核心就是一项技能练习时间达到一万小时（十年），你就能以大师般的姿态成为运用这项技能的天才。本章以Bill Joy, Beatles, Bill Gates为例说明他们是如何在很年轻的时候达到一万小时的练习时间的。这是一句我很喜欢的话： (pp. 59-60) Practice isn’t the thing you do once you are good. It is the thing you do that makes you good... (更多)

  一万小时的天才，不只是努力

  在Outliers第二章中，Gladwell提出著名的一万小时天才理论，其核心就是一项技能练习时间达到一万小时（十年），你就能以大师般的姿态成为运用这项技能的天才。本章以Bill Joy, Beatles, Bill Gates为例说明他们是如何在很年轻的时候达到一万小时的练习时间的。这是一句我很喜欢的话： (pp. 59-60) Practice isn’t the thing you do once you are good. It is the thing you do that makes you good.

  作者进一步指出这样数量庞大的练习时间并非其个人（作为一个少年）就能完成的，这不仅需要家庭的支持，更需要参加特别的训练。Ten thousand hours is an enormous amount of time. It is all but impossible to reach that number all by yourself by the time you are a young adult. You have to have parents who encourage and support you. You cannot be poor, because if you have to hold down a par-time job on the side to help make ends meet, there will not be time left in the day to practice enough. In fact, most people can reach that number only if they get into some kind of special program—like a hock all-star squad—or if they get some kind of extraordinary opportunity that gives them a chance to put in those hours.

  以Bill Gates完成一万小时练习为例，作者认为Gates拥有九个旁人不具有的机遇，而正是这些机遇，令到他得以在七年内达到一万小时的编程量。(pp. 78-80) Opportunity number one was that Gates got set to Lakeside. How many high schools in the world had access to a time-sharing terminal in 1968? Opportunity number two was that the mothers of Lakeside had enough money to pay for the school’s computer fees. Number three was that, when that money ran out, one of the parents happened to work at C-Cubed, which happened to need someone to check its code on the weekends, and which also happened not to care if weekends turned into weeknights. Number four was that Gates just happened to find out about ISI, and ISI just happened to need someone to work on its payroll software. Number five was that Gates happened to live within walking distance of the University of Washington. Number six was that the university happened to have free computer time between three and six in the morning. Number seven was that REW happened to call Bud Pembroke. Number eight was that the best programmers Pembroke knew for that particular problem happened to be two high school kids. And number nine was that Lakeside was willing to let those kids spend their spring term miles away, writing code.

  And what did virtually all of those opportunities have in common? They gave Bill Gates extra time to practice. By the time Gates dropped out of Harvard after his sophomore year to try his hand at his own software company, he’s been programming practically nonstop for seven consecutive years. He was way past ten thousand hours. How many teenagers in the world had the kind of experience Gates had? “If there were fifty in the world, I’d be stunned,’ he says. “ There was C-Cubed and the payroll stuff we did. The TRW—all those things came together. I had a better exposure to software development at a young age that I think anyone did in that period of time, and all because of an incredibly lucky series of events.”

  作者又以世界富人榜为例，发现十九世纪最有钱的人都出生在1830-1839年九年之中。究其原因，是1860-1870年代具有其独特的时代特征，处于美国历史上最大的经济变革时期，修建铁路，华尔街开始形成，制造业开始繁荣，传统的经济规则正在被打破和重建。如果你是出生在1840年代，当经济变革时期（1860-1870）你还太年轻，没有优势；如果你出生在1820年代，经济变革期你已经过了渴望闯荡的年龄，拒绝改变；而出生在1830年代的一批，当经济大变革来临，你们是拥有天时地利的。(pp. 90-91) What is going on here? The answer becomes obvious if you think about it. In the 1860s and 1870s, the American economy went through perhaps the greatest transformation in its history. This was when the railroads were being built and when Wall Street emerged. It was when industrial manufacturing started in earnest. It was when all the rules by which the traditional economy had functioned were broken and remade. What this list says is that it really matters how old you were when that transformation happened. If you were born in the late 1840s you missed it. You were too young to take advantage of that moment. If you were born in the 1820s you were too old: your mind-set was shaped by the pre-Civil War paradigm. But there was a particular, narrow nine-year window that was just perfect for seeing the potential that the future held. All of the fourteen men and women on the list above had vision and talent. But they also were given an extraordinary opportunity, in the same way that hockey and soccer players born in January, February, and March are given an extraordinary opportunity.

  这章节看得有些憋闷，虽然你我都不是能够坚持一万小时练习某种技能的人，但当我们发现原来就算我们真的有心，有坚持去练习这一万小时，我们其实，也是无法单单靠努力来实现的。如果你没有天时地利（1830年，美国）人和（Gates的家境和若干贵人相助），你还是无法实现你的天才梦。

  大概是出于小小的心理不平衡，觉得Gates那九个机遇还是可以critique一下的。前三个机遇（有钱上私立高中，那高中家长协会有钱付电脑设备钱，某家长正好在C-Cubed工作） 确实是不可求的，不过第四个“Gates just happened to find out about ISI, and ISI just happened to need someone to work on its payroll software”就另当别论了：Gates专注于编程，就会自然而然关注这方面的信息，所以“find ISI”其实并非“just happen”。第五个，住的离华盛顿大学近，算是近水楼台先得月，不过其实并非什么很大的机遇。六七（华盛顿大学早上免费电脑时间和REW给BUD电话），这也是个人控制之外的因素。第八Bud知道Gates是因为他对于编程的痴迷，也不能算“just happen”。第九是Lakeside高中开明，制度性原因，不可控。

  总体看来，Gates真的是很幸运的。幸运的是他的一万小时，天时地利人和。 (收起)

  2011-06-09 01:04:36   7回应

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  第78页

  夏至.XYZ (跳出三界外, 不在五行中)

  

  英文版第78页的逻辑题很简单啊。 三种花色成行，第一行有2，3，2；第二行2，3，2；第三行也应该顺从这个规律，前两个图形三种花色成行的数目是2，3，第三个待选图形的花色成行数目应该是2。满足条件的选项为A，B，H。如图： 又，前两行三个图形中的梅花分布遵从规律：三梅花中的两个相邻或三梅花各自分散分布。据此可以排除A，B，H待选项的B，H项。理由或许不够严谨，但作为快速二次筛选已足够选出正确选项A。 (更多)

  英文版第78页的逻辑题很简单啊。

  三种花色成行，第一行有2，3，2；第二行2，3，2；第三行也应该顺从这个规律，前两个图形三种花色成行的数目是2，3，第三个待选图形的花色成行数目应该是2。满足条件的选项为A，B，H。如图：

  
  Raven's Puzzle

  又，前两行三个图形中的梅花分布遵从规律：三梅花中的两个相邻或三梅花各自分散分布。据此可以排除A，B，H待选项的B，H项。理由或许不够严谨，但作为快速二次筛选已足够选出正确选项A。 (收起)

  2012-01-15 03:06:21   回应

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  第67页

  夏至.XYZ (跳出三界外, 不在五行中)

  We pretend that success is exclusively a matter of individual merit. But there 's nothing in any of the histories we've looked at so far to suggest things are that simple. These are stories, instead, about people who were given a special opportunity to work really hard and seized it, and who happened to come of age at a time when that extraordinary effort was rewarded by the rest of society. Their... (更多)

  We pretend that success is exclusively a matter of individual merit. But there 's nothing in any of the histories we've looked at so far to suggest things are that simple. These are stories, instead, about people who were given a special opportunity to work really hard and seized it, and who happened to come of age at a time when that extraordinary effort was rewarded by the rest of society. Their success was not just of their own making. It was a product of the world in which they grew up.

  (收起)

  2012-01-15 01:13:48   回应

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  第1页

  鄭小楚

  dude likes it (更多)

  dude likes it (收起)

  2011-05-26 05:14:33   回应

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  第18页

  villa

  "I think overall it's a disadvantage," Jeb Bush once said of what it meant for his business career that he was the son of an American president and the brother of an American president and the grandson of a wealthy Wall Street banker and US senator. 原来李小琳同学在国外是有同志的，布什家族果然也是奇葩 (更多)

  "I think overall it's a disadvantage," Jeb Bush once said of what it meant for his business career that he was the son of an American president and the brother of an American president and the grandson of a wealthy Wall Street banker and US senator.

  原来李小琳同学在国外是有同志的，布什家族果然也是奇葩 (收起)

  2011-09-29 22:18:51   回应

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  第19页

  whotwhot (没有梦想.. 何必远方..)

  The tallest oak in the forest is the tallest not just because it grew from the hardiest acorn; it is the tallest also because no other trees blocked its sunlight, the soil around it was deep and rich, no rabbit chewed through its bark as a sapling, and no lumberjack cut it down before it matured. (更多)

  The tallest oak in the forest is the tallest not just because it grew from the hardiest acorn; it is the tallest also because no other trees blocked its sunlight, the soil around it was deep and rich, no rabbit chewed through its bark as a sapling, and no lumberjack cut it down before it matured.

  (收起)

  2011-04-22 12:35:12   回应

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  第78页

  夏至.XYZ (跳出三界外, 不在五行中)

  

  英文版第78页的逻辑题很简单啊。 三种花色成行，第一行有2，3，2；第二行2，3，2；第三行也应该顺从这个规律，前两个图形三种花色成行的数目是2，3，第三个待选图形的花色成行数目应该是2。满足条件的选项为A，B，H。如图： 又，前两行三个图形中的梅花分布遵从规律：三梅花中的两个相邻或三梅花各自分散分布。据此可以排除A，B，H待选项的B，H项。理由或许不够严谨，但作为快速二次筛选已足够选出正确选项A。 (更多)

  英文版第78页的逻辑题很简单啊。

  三种花色成行，第一行有2，3，2；第二行2，3，2；第三行也应该顺从这个规律，前两个图形三种花色成行的数目是2，3，第三个待选图形的花色成行数目应该是2。满足条件的选项为A，B，H。如图：

  
  Raven's Puzzle

  又，前两行三个图形中的梅花分布遵从规律：三梅花中的两个相邻或三梅花各自分散分布。据此可以排除A，B，H待选项的B，H项。理由或许不够严谨，但作为快速二次筛选已足够选出正确选项A。 (收起)

  2012-01-15 03:06:21   回应

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  第67页

  夏至.XYZ (跳出三界外, 不在五行中)

  We pretend that success is exclusively a matter of individual merit. But there 's nothing in any of the histories we've looked at so far to suggest things are that simple. These are stories, instead, about people who were given a special opportunity to work really hard and seized it, and who happened to come of age at a time when that extraordinary effort was rewarded by the rest of society. Their... (更多)

  We pretend that success is exclusively a matter of individual merit. But there 's nothing in any of the histories we've looked at so far to suggest things are that simple. These are stories, instead, about people who were given a special opportunity to work really hard and seized it, and who happened to come of age at a time when that extraordinary effort was rewarded by the rest of society. Their success was not just of their own making. It was a product of the world in which they grew up.

  (收起)

  2012-01-15 01:13:48   回应

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  第19页

  夏至.XYZ (跳出三界外, 不在五行中)

  In Outliers, I want to convince you that these kinds of personal explanations of success don't work. People don't rise from nothing. We do owe something to parentage and patronage. The people who stand before kings may look like they did it all by themselves. But in fact they are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow the... (更多)

  In Outliers, I want to convince you that these kinds of personal explanations of success don't work. People don't rise from nothing. We do owe something to parentage and patronage. The people who stand before kings may look like they did it all by themselves. But in fact they are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot. It makes a difference where and when we grew up. The culture we belong to and the legacies passed down by our forebears shape the patterns of our achievement in ways we cannot begin to imagine. It's not enough to ask what successful people are like, in other words. It is only by asking where they are from that we can unravel the logic behind who succeeds and who doesn't. Biologist often talk about the "ecology" of an organism: the tallest oak in the forest is the tallest not just because it grew from the hardiest acorn; it is the tallest also because no other trees blocked its sunlight, the soil around it was deep and rich, no rabbit chewed through its bark as a sapling, and no lumberjack cut it down before it matured. We all know that successful people come from hardy seeds. But do we know enough about the sunlight that warmed them, the soil in which they put down the roots, and the rabbits and lumberjacks they were lucky enough to avoid? This is not a book about tall trees. It's a book about forest-and hockey is a good place to start because the explanation for who gets to the top of the hockey world is a lot more interesting and complicated than it looks. In fact, it's downright peculiar.

  (收起)

  2012-01-14 07:52:22   回应

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