The official shamanic powers consist of completing thirteen shanars for male shamans to become zaarin and seven for females to become equally powerful duurisah. The shamans stage their shanars at intervals of two to three years; thus, the entire process of becoming a zaarin or duurisah usually takes between fifteen and twenty years. Timely, well-organized public performances of shanars are the most well-accepted and visible manifestation of a shaman‘s power. For each new shanar, a shaman acquires corresponding items of paraphernalia (e.g. a bracelet and a mirror for their first shanar and an antelope-skin gown for their final, culminating shanar) and enlivens them with newly connected origin spirits of the shaman‘s family or clan. Each new origin spirit is given an item of paraphernalia as a place to descend when it arrives at the rituals.引自第188页