5 The Carnival of Philosophy

哲学的节点
For Marx, Aristotle and Hegel represent 'nodal points' at which philosophy became 'concrete' by having 'apprehended abstract principles in a totality' - that is, by providing a systematic account of the interconnections between the elements of knowledge as a whole. Each philosophy was an interruption in philosophy's normal historical development, in so far as it is assumed that philosophy moves forward by particular principles being developed in a piecemeal fashion.
对马克思来说，亚里士多德和黑格尔代表着“节点”，在这些节点上，哲学通过“在整体上领会抽象的原则”而变得“具体”，也就是说，通过对知识要素之间的相互联系进行系统的说明而成为一个整体。每一种哲学都是哲学正常历史发展的一个中断，因为人们认为哲学是通过零散地发展特定的原则而向前推进的。
哲学与无产阶级的结合
Philosophy and the proletariat are presented as opposed but complementary forms of universality: ideal and material, respectively. And just as the proletariat promises to provide philosophy with the material force lacked, by criticism, so philosophy promises to provide the proletariat with consciousness of its own universality. For philosophy t o be actualized, the proletariat must transform its negative universality (suffering) into a new positive form of humanity, through consciousness of its historical role. At this point, Marx described this as emancipation.
哲学和无产阶级被表述为对立但互补的普遍性形式：分别是理想和物质。正如无产阶级承诺通过批判为哲学提供所缺乏的物质力量一样，哲学也承诺为无产阶级提供对其自身普遍性的意识。为了使哲学得以实现，无产阶级必须通过对其历史角色的意识，将其消极的普遍性（痛苦）转化为新的积极的人性形式。在这一点上，马克思把这描述为解放。