05｜现代欧洲的形成——横空出世的颜那亚人

关于颜那亚人（Yamnaya）
库尔干坟头(Kurgan)、马和马车的使用
wikipidia
Remains of a Yamnaya barrow (or kurgan) in Prydnistryanske, Ukraine
Reconstruction of a Yamnaya burial from Prydnistryanske, Ukraine（赭石墓）
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/36708589
（向亚洲迁徙的过程对当地人群结构影响很小，可能存在过（吐火罗人，如楼兰、龟兹、焉耆），但几乎没有基因交流；与印度人不是直接的关系）
关于起源的最新研究（需要结合考古才有意义）
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042377/
The origin of Indo-Anatolian and Indo-European languages. 
Genetic reconstruction of the ancestry of PonticCaspian steppe and West Asian populations points to the North Caucasus-Lower Volga area as the homeland of Indo-Anatolian languages and to the Serednii Stih archaeological culture of the Dnipro-Don area as the homeland of Indo-European languages. The Caucasus-Lower Volga people had diverse distal roots, estimated using the qpAdm software on the left barplot, as Caucasus huntergatherer (purple), Central Asian (red), Eastern hunter-gatherer (pink), and West Asian Neolithic (green). Caucasus-Lower Volga expansions, estimated using qpAdm on the right barplot as disseminated Caucasus Neolithic (blue)-Lower Volga Eneolithic (orange) proximal ancestries, mixing with the inhabitants of the North Pontic region (yellow), Volga region (yellow), and West Asia (green)