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The general stress response, which in fact was discovered as a stationary phase response, is tightly interconnected with the E.coli growth cycle and its regulatory circuits. Key players in these circuits are at least four sigma subunits of RNAP (σ70, σFliA, σS, σE), the flagellar master regulator FlhDC, as well as the second messengers cAMP, (p)ppGpp, and c-di-GMP.