第58页 brain and language
- 章节名:brain and language
- 页码:第58页
敲字的时候正好听的是EM的Brain Damage~~~ hahahah Attempts to understand the complexities of human cognitive abilities and especially the acquisition and use of language are as old and as continuous as history. Three long-standing problems of science include the nature of the brain, the nature of human language, and the relationship between the two. The study of the biological and neural foundations of language is called neurolinguistics. The brain is the most complex organ of the body. It lies under the skull and consists of approximately 10 billion nerve cells (neuron) and billions of fibers that interconnect them. The surface of the brain is the cortex, often called gray matter, consisting of billions of neurons. Beneath the cortex is the white matter , which consists primarily of connecting fibers. The cortex is the decision-making organ of the body. It receives messages from all the sensory organs, and it initiates all voluntary actions. Somewhere in this gray matter resides the grammar that represents our knowledge of language. The brain is composed of cerebral hemispheres, one on the right, and one on the left, joined by the CORPUS CALLOSUM.胼胝体,胼肢体,脑胼胝体 In general, the left hemisphere supervises the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere supervises the left side. This is referred to as contralateral brain function.
Aphasia is the neurological term for any language disorder that results from brain damage caused by disease or trauma. Broca's area:the front part of the left hemisphere People with Broca's aphasia may have labored speech, word-finding pauses, disturbed word orders, and difficulties with function words such as to and if. Language understanding may not appear abnormal, but controlled tests reveal a loss of comprehension of complex and ambiguous sentences. Wernicke's area:the back portion of the left hemisphere People with Wernicke's aphasia spoke fluent with good intonation and pronunciation, but with numerous instances of lexical errors (word substitutions), often producing nonsense words. They also had difficulty in comprehending speech.
蒂。对本书的所有笔记 · · · · · ·
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language universals
The grammar includes everything speakers know about their language — the sound system,...
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第54页 summary
1. Wherever humans exist, language exists. 2. There are no primitive languages — all l...
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第58页 brain and language
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第75页 critical period for brain development
Words in the lexicon are linked to each other through both sound and meaning. Words are...
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第80页 the origin of language
Vocal organs would have been strengthened and perfected through the principle of the in...
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