The problem with these undermining philosophies is that they are guilty of a dogmatic reductionism, failing to see that mid-sized levels of the world can have their own autonomy, are often partially independent of their tinier constituent pieces, and can affect their own pieces or even generate new ones. (35)引自 The Four Most Typical Objections to OOO (2011)
Overmining(整體關係建構)的概念,認為物在特定的時間和空間中作為事件存在,且其依存于關係之中:“The notion of a unified object enduring through change is a useless fiction. Objects only appear in some social or linguistic context. They are purely relational. Or perhaps they are 'events' that happen very concretely in one time and one place only. They are simply relations, effects, and events, not underlying hidden objects.” (35)
The problem with overmining theories is that they are unable to explain change. If everything that exists were exhaustively deployed in its current state, without surplus or reserve outside their current effects, there would be no reason for anything ever to shift from its current state. (36)引自 The Four Most Typical Objections to OOO (2011)
針對“Emphasize Flux over Stasis”,探討客體的持久性、穩定性、表象下的本質(essence):
OOO's position on relatively eduring objects is that they can last through multiple events and relations, not that they have a permanent or even eternal identity over time. Yet after several decades of vigilantly insisting upon such reservations, for perfectly understandable reasons, in our time we have become too theoretically paranoid about speaking of anything essential behind the play of appearances. For this reason, it is important taht we work to rehabilitate the word "essence" as a good classical term for the reality of things deeper than their current effects, without retaining the traditional sense of essence as a permanent and eternal destiny for individuals and peoples upon which direct political obligations and roles can be inscribed. (38) 引自 The Four Most Typical Objections to OOO (2011)
Furthermore, the term "objects" is not opposed to "subjects," so it is not such a bad fate to be an object. To be an object does not mean to be physical material without dignity, but simply to be a unified entity irreducible to its component pieces or to its effects on the surrounding evironment.引自 The Four Most Typical Objections to OOO (2011)
The true principle of dynamism, in human society as well as inanimate nature, is that real objects always exceed their contexts, always withdraw from our control, and are always filled with surplus and surprise.引自 The Four Most Typical Objections to OOO (2011)
real objects always exceed their contexts real objects always exceed their contexts real objects always exceed their contexts real objects always exceed their contexts