第29页 Too much from too little: misinterpretation of incomplete and unrepresentative data

Explain our tendency to seek confirmatory information and a situation where this tendency doesn't appear
- When people try to determine relationships between two variables, people weight confirmatory evidence more than non-confirmatory information
- in tasks invoking sense of permission (not preoccupied with confirmations)
What is self-fulfilling prophecy and two major types?
- a special case of bias due to hidden data problem (coined by Robert Merton), where our expectations lead us to act in ways that fundamentally change the world we observe and we often accept what we observe at face value, with little consideration of how things might have been different if we had acted differently
- seemingly-fulfilled prophecy (expectations set it impossible for the expectations to be disconfirmed) and tru self-fulfilled prophecy (expectation elicits behavior that was originally anticipated)