11.2.1 Shading

As a rule of thumb for row-to-row shading, literature recommends designing the PV plant such that no near shading occurs at noon on the winter solstice [3]. The lay-out of the modules, portrait or landscape, is also important here: for crystalline silicon and CiGS modules, row-to-row shading causes significantly higher losses with a portrait lay-out than with a landscape lay-out [4].