注释与参考文献-第六章

第6章 将意识科学应用在临床
1. Laureys 2005.
2. Leon-Carrion, van Eeckhout, Dominguez-Morales Mdel, and Perez-Santamaria 2002.
3. Schnakers, Vanhaudenhuyse, Giacino, Ventura, Boly, Majerus, Moonen, and Laureys 2009.
4. Smedira, Evans, Grais, Cohen, Lo, Cooke, Schecter, et al. 1990.
5. Laureys, Owen, and Schiff2004.
6. Pontifical Academy of Sciences 2008.
7. Alving, Moller, Sindrup, and Nielsen 1979; Grindal, Suter, and Martinez 1977; Westmoreland, Klass, Sharbrough, and Reagan 1975.
8. Hanslmayr, Gross, Klimesch, and Shapiro 2011; Capotosto, Babiloni, Romani, and Corbetta 2009.
9. Supp, Siegel, Hipp, and Engel 2011.
10. Jennett and Plum 1972.
11. Jennett 2002.
12. Giacino 2005.
13. Giacino, Kezmarsky, DeLuca, and Cicerone 1991. 神经学家现在运用的昏迷恢复量表修订版（Coma Recovery Scale Revised, CRS-R），由Giacino, Kalmar, and Whyte 2004提出。这一成套的量表持续受到争议，也不断得到改进。参见Schnakers, Vanhaudenhuyse, Giacino, Ventura, Boly, Majerus, Moonen, and Laureys 2009的例子。
14. Giacino, Kalmar, and Whyte 2004; Schnakers, Vanhaudenhuyse, Giacino, Ventura, Boly, Majerus, Moonen, and Laureys 2009.
15. Bruno, Bernheim, Ledoux, Pellas, Demertzi, and Laureys 2011.也可参见Laureys 2005。
16. Owen, Coleman, Boly,Davis, Laureys, and Pickard 2006. 由于这个患者对模拟显示出间歇性行为反应，临床医师一直在持续讨论是否应该首先把她归为最小意识状态。即便如此，她广泛且大体上正常的脑活动模式仍然相当惊人。
17. 参见e.g., Davis, Coleman, Absalom, Rodd, Johnsrude, Matta, Owen, and Menon 2007; Portas, Krakow, Allen, Josephs, Armony, and Frith 2000。
18. Naccache 2006a; Nachev and Husain 2007; Greenberg 2007.
19. Ropper 2010.
20. Owen, Coleman, Boly, Davis, Laureys, Jolles, and Pickard 2007.
21. Monti, Vanhaudenhuyse, Coleman, Boly, Pickard,Tshibanda, Owen, and Laureys 2010.
22. Cyranoski 2012.
23. 脑电图记录和脑-机交互领域毫无争议的先驱是图宾根大学的尼尔斯·比尔鲍默（Neils Birbaumer），这方面的综述参见Birbaumer, Murguialday, and Cohen 2008。
24. Cruse, Chennu, Chatelle, Bekinschtein, Fernandez-Espejo, Pickard, Laureys, and Owen 2011.
25. Goldfine, Victor, Conte, Bardin, and Schiff 2012.
26. Goldfine, Victor, Conte, Bardin, and Schiff 2011.
27. Chatelle, Chennu, Noirhomme, Cruse, Owen, andLaureys 2012.
28. Hochberg, Bacher, Jarosiewicz, Masse, Simeral, Vogel, Haddadin, et al.2012.
29. Brumberg, Nieto-Castanon, Kennedy, and Guenther 2010.
30. Squires, Squires, and Hillyard 1975; Squires, Wickens, Squires, and Donchin 1976.
31. Naatanen, Paavilainen, Rinne, and Alho 2007.
32. Wacongne, Changeux, and Dehaene 2012.
33. 虽然这种不匹配反应并不是意识的指标，但是这是一种有用的临床标志：有清晰的不匹配反应的昏迷患者，比没有这种反应的患者后期康复的可能性会更大。参见Fischer, Luaute, Adeleine, and Morlet 2004; Kane, Curry, Butler, and Cummins 1993; Naccache, Puybasset, Gaillard, Serve, and Willer 2005。
34. Bekinschtein, Dehaene, Rohaut, Tadel, Cohen, and Naccache 2009.
35. 同上。
36. Faugeras, Rohaut, Weiss, Bekinschtein, Galanaud, Puybasset, Bolgert, et al.2012; Faugeras, Rohaut, Weiss, Bekinschtein, Galanaud, Puybasset, Bolgert, et al. 2011.
37. Friston 2005; Wacongne, Labyt, van Wassenhove, Bekinschtein, Naccache, and Dehaene 2011.38. King, Faugeras, Gramfort, Schurger, El Karoui, Sitt, Wacongne, et al. 2013.也可参见 Tzovara, Rossetti, Spierer, Grivel, Murray, Oddo, and De Lucia 2012 for a similar approach.
39. Massimini, Ferrarelli, Huber, Esser, Singh, and Tononi 2005; Massimini, Boly, Casali, Rosanova, and Tononi 2009; Ferrarelli, Massimini, Sarasso, Casali, Riedner, Angelini, Tononi, and Pearce 2010.
40. Casali, Gosseries, Rosanova, Boly, Sarasso, Casali, Casarotto, et al. 2013.
41. Rosanova, Gosseries, Casarotto, Boly, Casali, Bruno, Mariotti, et al. 2012.42. Laureys 2005; Laureys, Lemaire, Maquet, Phillips, and Franck 1999.
43. Schiff, Ribary, Moreno, Beattie, Kronberg, Blasberg, Giacino, et al. 2002; Schiff, Ribary, Plum, and Llinas 1999.
44. Galanaud, Perlbarg, Gupta, Stevens, Sanchez, Tollard, de Champfleur, et al.2012; Tshibanda, Vanhaudenhuyse, Galanaud, Boly, Laureys, and Puybasset 2009; Galanaud, Naccache, and Puybasset 2007.
45. King, Faugeras, Gramfort, Schurger, El Karoui, Sitt, Wacongne, et al. 2013.
46. Our measure of “weighted symbolic mutualinformation” was inspired by an earlier proposal called “symbolic transfer entropy”; see Staniek and Lehnertz 2008.
47. Sitt, King, El Karoui, Rohaut, Faugeras, Gramfort, Cohen, et al. 2013.
48. 高低频率的博弈参与了脑电双频指数的计算，这一商业系统被用于测量麻醉期间无意识的深度。对此的批判性评估参见Miller, Sleigh, Barnard, and Steyn-Ross 2004; Schnakers, Ledoux, Majerus, Damas, Damas, Lambermont, Lamy, et al. 2008。
49. Schiff, Giacino, Kalmar, Victor, Baker, Gerber, Fritz, et al. 2007. 自从20世纪60年代开始，深度脑刺激常常被用在昏迷状态和植物人状态的患者身上，这一研究受到了质疑（Staunton 2008），参见Tsubokawa, Yamamoto, Katayama, Hirayama, Maejima, and Moriya 1990。对质疑的回应参见Schiff, Giacino, Kalmar, Victor, Baker, Gerber, Fritz, et al. 2008。
50. Moruzzi and Magoun 1949.
51. Shirvalkar, Seth, Schiff, and Herrera 2006.
52. Giacino, Fins, Machado, and Schiff 2012.
53. Schiff, Giacino, Kalmar, Victor, Baker, Gerber, Fritz, et al. 2007.
54. Voss, Uluc, Dyke, Watts, Kobylarz, McCandliss, Heier, et al. 2006. 也可参见Sidaros, Engberg, Sidaros, Liptrot, Herning, Petersen, Paulson, et al. 2008。55. Laureys, Faymonville, Luxen, Lamy, Franck, and Maquet 2000.
56. Matsuda, Matsumura, Komatsu, Yanaka, and Nose 2003.
57. Giacino, Fins, Machado, and Schiff 2012.
58. Brefel-Courbon, Payoux, Ory, Sommet, Slaoui, Raboyeau, Lemesle, et al.2007.
59. Cohen, Chaaban, and Habert 2004.
60. Schiff 2010.
61. Striem-Amit, Cohen, Dehaene, and Amedi 2012.