周沐君对《Class and Civil Society》的笔记(1)

第49页 Civil Society and Its Discontents

The greatest danger, however, in assuming that noneconomic, social norms and institutions have their genesis or "truth" in economic relations lies in the correlative tendency in those who adhere to that assumption to reject the universalistic principles of formal democracy as merely bourgeois and to press for the abolition of civil society altogether. The destruction of the capitalist system seems to require the destruction of civil society (including its legal/institutional underpinnings) as the precondition for the realization of "substantive" freedom and equality. The error in such reasoning lies in the belief that the formality of the norms/law is the basis for their lack of substantive realization, instead of understanding that their ideological character lies in their not being formal enough.

第一章区分了immanent critic和"unmasking" critic。前者是发掘政治生活中的norm，然后用现实的制度与之对比，从而形成批判。（比如早期马克思说的，不考虑civil society的问题，“民主”的问题也是无法解决的。）后者是假定历史会按照某一方向发展，而现在的问题是人们都被意识形态给蒙蔽了——你是没法给这种批判找到一个实践的ground的。