翻译问题
这篇书评可能有关键情节透露
1.全书多处把belief翻译成信仰，但书中讨论宗教等议题，太容易混淆。更是知识论上的“信念”。
比如英文版第30页
In effect, its function would be to facilitate the fruitful interaction of our cognitive°beliefs, our beliefs resting upon the most dependable methods of inquiry, with our practical beliefs about the values, the ends and purposes, that should control human action in the things of large and liberal human import.
2. 英文版p.83
It is interested in the mechanism of°occurrences instead of in final causes. In dealing with the°proximate instead of with the ultimate,
mechanism被翻译成结构，proximate/ultimate被翻译成当前的事变/最后的事因
3. 多翻译了专门概念出来
中文第99页“概念的资格”，还把资格 做了楷体。但英文呢？
[...] The latter type of operation makes possible a system of conceptions related together as°conceptions; it thus prepares the way for formal logic.
4. 次度—>维度，不知道是不是傅统先先生那时代的用法
中文第98页，”这标志着一种在次度上的变化“ ，英文为dimensions
5. 把专门概念，翻译成平常了。
比如overtly，多处是翻译成外显，但下面这句，翻译成了“显然”，没法像英语语法那样，形成和symbolically的对照。
The key to the answer is to be found in a distinction between operations overtly performed (or imagined to be performed) and operations symbolically executed.
同样在英语上对照清楚，但中文翻译有误，第101页中文，casual terms是和下面的techincal symbols对照，但翻译成“意义不明”，不过杜威的确定更是随意的、而非不明确。
They have three traits that distinguish them from casual terms and ideas.
end in view是杜威的专门概念，但有一处翻译成平常表达了p.101（中文），翻译成“在思想上抱有这样一个目的”
Technical symbols are framed with precisely this end in view.
6. 自然选择译成了自然淘汰，中文p. 102
elimination 添译成“消极排除原则“，因为后面译成积极控制发展的原则，可以理解。
It may be compared with natural selection, which is a principle of elimination but not one controlling positive development.
7. 中文版p.121，
“于是便产生了发生学上的定义“
英文为：it yields genetic and generative definitions.
8. “认知不是一种外在旁观者的动作，而是参与在自然和社会情景之内的一分子的动作，那么真正的知识对象便是在指导之下的行动所产生的后果了。”中文版p. 126
这是杜威的名句了，还是应把英文语法中的对照：外部旁观者vs.内部参与者，给翻译出来才好。
If we see that knowing is not the act of an°outside spectator but of a participator inside the natural and social scene, then the true object of knowledge resides in the°consequences of directed action.
