《雨后》的翻译问题
《雨后》这篇小说的情节简单,或者说并没有什么情节。一段恋情结束之后,三十岁的哈丽特与恋人外出计划泡汤,独自一人来到父母曾带她来过的意大利度假地的一处膳宿公寓,以消磨空出来的两周。小说描述了她在这段时间的所思所见。通过观察(偷听)他人、被动地与住客闲聊、参访教堂和一场雨,所谓的疗伤近乎完成。一切都十分隐晦,小说的遣词行文,尤其是教堂一节的行文和遣词独到且富深刻意涵,形成一股厚重而强烈的力量扭转了哈丽特的情绪主调。这是一篇十分优秀的作品。
哈丽特的一次次恋情是对父母离异的一种抗拒。有一段重要的描写透露了这一心理症结:
He talks. Harriet doesn’t listen. This love affair had once, like the other affairs before it, felt like the exorcism of the disappointment that so drearily coloured her life when her parents went their separate ways. There were no quarrels when her parents separated, no bitterness, no drama. They told their children gently, neither blamed the other. Both — for years apparently — had been involved with other people. Both said the separation was a happier outcome than staying together for the sake of the family. They used those words, and Harriet has never forgotten them. Her brother shrugged the disappointment off, but for Harriet it did not begin to go away until the first of her love affairs. And always, when a love affair ended, there had been no exorcism after all.
译文是:
他说着。哈丽特不在听。像过去的几场恋爱一样,这段恋情也曾感觉如同失望的魔咒,在她父母分手的时光里,这种魔咒那样无趣地影响着她的生活。她父母离异的时候没有争吵,没有痛苦,也不戏剧性。他们温和地告诉自己的孩子,也没有互相谴责。两人显然为时已久都有了外遇。两人都说,念及这个家,较之待在一起,分手是更为幸福的结局。他们用的这些字眼,哈丽特从来没有忘记。她哥哥面对失望满不在乎,而哈丽特则无法释然,直到第一次恋爱开始。而且每当一段恋情告终,就不再有这样的魔咒了。
这段文字是理解全篇的关键,也是哈丽特最后可以走出阴影、继而醒悟“她是自己的牺牲品”的铺垫,因此相当重要。但译文令人一时摸不着头脑,魔咒怎么影响她的生活,恋情怎么成了魔咒?恋情结束了,魔咒又没了?怎么肥四?
问题出在将exorcism译成了“魔咒”,这不能不说是个严重的错误:译者没能理解这个词,继而将that so drearily coloured her life when her parents went their separate ways.译成了“这种魔咒那样无趣地影响着她的生活。”不是所谓的“魔咒”影响了她的生活,而是这种失望“可怕地侵染了她在父母分道扬镳之际的生活”。(译者无力还原从句的意思,下面这句:“两人都说,念及这个家,较之待在一起,分手是更为幸福的结局。”也是错的。应该译作:分开才是更为幸福的结果,用不着为了这个家而待在一起。)Exorcism也不是魔咒,正相反,是驱魔——哈丽特以一次次的恋爱驱赶父母离异带给她的失望情绪,每次恋情结束,驱赶失望的手段也就全然不再。言下之意,她再次陷入了那种落寞的情境中。
在另一段,译者的对原文的理解已经令人怀疑其英文的基本功究竟如何:
In this square her father lifted her high above his head and she looked down and saw his laughing, upturned face and she laughed too, because he joked so. Her mother stuttered out her schoolgirl French in the little hotels where they stayed on the journey out, and blushed with shame when no one understood. ‘Oh, this is pleasant!’ her mother murmured, a table away from where Harriet is now.
书中译文是:
在这个广场上,父亲曾把她高高举过头顶,她低下头,看见父亲扬着脸大笑,她也大笑,因为他是那样可笑。在他们一路住过的小旅馆里,她母亲结结巴巴叫出她的女同学弗兰奇的名字,但没人听得懂,不禁羞红了脸。“多开心啊!”母亲喃喃道。坐的地方就跟哈丽特现在的位子隔了张桌子。 任何认真阅读的读者或者编辑都应该发现,母亲无缘无故提什么“弗兰奇”的名字呢?
正确的译文应该是:
在这个广场上她父亲将她高高举过头顶,她低头看见他在哈哈大笑,向上仰着脸,她也哈哈大笑,因为他这样耍笑。她母亲在他们外出旅行住的小旅馆里结结巴巴地说着她女学生式的法语,没人听懂时她就羞得满脸通红。“哦,这真令人愉快!”她的母亲喃喃道,离哈丽特现在坐的地方只有一张桌子那么远。
Harriet’s eye records the details: the green folds of the angel’s dress, the red beneath it, the mark in the sky that is a dove, the Virgin’s book, the stately pillars and the empty vase, the Virgin’s slipper, the bare feet of the angel. The distant landscape is soft, as if no heat has ever touched it. It isn’t alarm in the Virgin’s eyes, it’s wonderment. In another moment there’ll be serenity. A few tourists glide about the church, whispering now and again. A man in a black overall is mopping the floor of the central aisle and has roped it off at either end. An elderly woman prays before a statue of the Virgin, each bead of her rosary fingered, lips silently murmuring. Incense is cloying on the air.
这一段大有玄机, 教堂内部的细致描写是她最终释然的铺垫和前兆,也是“雨后”主题的点睛之笔。The distant landscape is soft, as if no heat has ever touched it. 与她曾一度所处的炎热形成鲜明对照——炎热不曾触及那里。译者译作“仿佛不曾用过浓烈的色彩”是什么意思?
译文在细节上也是错误不断。将Therapy(疗法)译作“理疗”、几次将uncertain译作粗陋的“吃不准”。还有,穿亚麻套装的老男人是篇中较为重要的人物,当他第二次出场时,the man in the linen suit asks if the chair next to hers is taken by anyone else.译作“一个穿亚麻外套的男人”(应为“那个穿亚麻外套的男人”),结尾处,the old man who talked about being on your own,(谈论独处之事的老人)译成“自顾讲话的老头”,将“无能让她所爱的男人爱她”译作“无法与心爱的人厮守”(这完全是两个意思。);特雷弗文字中的潜藏的隐喻在译文中几乎不见踪影。原文中巧妙地使用了两次mysteriously,都被译成“难以理解”,也是无法原谅的失误。最后,把哈丽特的颖悟“She has been the victim of herself”译成“她自作自受”,语气上有失恰当,应该译作“她一直是自己的受害者”或“是她戕害了自己。” 作者有意在这篇作品中加入了意大利语,强调人物身处异地的感受,译文(编辑)十分遗憾地忽略了这一点。(却保留了用异体字的处理一处地方(91页),也是令人不解。)
特雷弗小说的译本都不怎么过关。这严重影响了读者群体对这位名家的理解和传播。域外短篇小说的翻译绝对是人才不济,做为读者,若有能力读原文甚至翻着词典阅读,也绝对不要去读译文——很多成品的译者恐怕连合格的读者都算不上,很难奢求其对文本的精妙趣味及行文韵律的完整表达。