《My Antonia》读后杂谈
这篇书评可能有关键情节透露
N年以后我竟然找了一本英文原著来阅读,断断续续历时三个月,终于读完了《My Antonia》,前半段读起来是连蒙带猜,后半段渐入佳境,开始领略了这本书的美。
《My Antonia》这部小说的男主Jim Burden因为在十岁那年失去了父母,被祖父母Mr and Mrs Burden接到美国西部Nebraska的乡村生活,在这里他结识了Antonia,Antonia一家从Bohemia波西米亚移民来到美国西部。Antonia比Jim大4岁,是一个漂亮聪明的女孩,Jim教她说英语,他们一起玩耍,很快成为亲密无间的好朋友。
Antonia一家在移民途中已把积蓄花了大半,刚来到美国又要买牲口、开垦土地,他们住着破败的房子,没有像样的厨具,没有保暖的衣服,没有足够的食物。Antonia的父亲Mr Shimerda是一个清瘦、有绅士风度、艺术气质和精神追求的男人,他会小提琴,读过很多书,在他们祖国Bohemia的时候,他经常和朋友坐在开花的院子里讨论艺术,神父也会找他聊天。然而移民到美国西部后,他们的生活从零开始(甚至是负数,因为借贷买牲口),他要靠打猎兔子才能给孩子们的冬天添上围巾,他们缺吃少穿,尽管非常努力和辛苦,但是生活依旧一贫如洗。Jim的祖父母Mr and Mrs Burden都很善良,他们经常接济Antonia一家,给他们送去食物和厨具,给了他们极大的关怀。他非常感谢Mr and Mrs Burden的帮助,同时他也希望Mrs Burden明白,他们之前在自己老家的时候并不是乞丐。
在Antonia 16岁那个寒冷的冬天,Mr Shimerda用猎枪结束了自己的生命,Antonia失去了父亲,少女时代生活结束,她开始勇敢地承担起了家庭重责,还是一个少女的她干起了男人的所有重活。
Jim要去上学了(country school),他邀请Antonia一起去上学,Antonia伤感而清醒地认识到,她是没有办法去上学的,因为她要干农活,她说“I ain’t got time to learn. I can work like mans now.…School is all right for little boys. I help make this land a good farm.”她拉起Jim的手,渴望地说:“Sometimes you will tell me all those nice things you learn at school,won’t you, Jimmy?”P.85
Antonia有一段时间在Mr and Mrs Burden家帮忙,有一天晚上,Antonia和Jim爬到屋顶看云,Jim问她为什么她不能一直做她自己,有时候非得像她哥哥一样。Antonia只是淡淡地说“Things will be easy for you. But they will be hard for me”。
原文如下P.95-96:
“Why aren’t you always nice like this, Tony ?”
“How nice?”
“Why, just like this, like yourself. Why do you all the time try to be like Ambrosch?”
She put her arms under her head and lay back,looking up at the sky. “If I live here, like you, that is different. Things will be easy for you. But they will be hard for me.”
Jim13岁的时候为了读书他们一家搬到了镇上生活。他们的邻居Harlings非常友好,在Mrs Burden的引荐下,Antonia来到了Harlings家当女佣,成为了“one of the hired girls”,Harlings一家都很喜欢Antonia,对她也很好。
像Antonia一样的还有几个移民女孩,Tiny和Lena等,她们从小衣衫褴褛,在农场上干农活,放牛牧羊,照顾弟妹,长大了进城里当帮佣,赚了钱往家里寄。因为她们没有接受过教育,说的英语也不太流利,刚到城里都显得青涩和局促,但过一段时间适应城市生活后,她们在农村生活的磨砺出来的体格和野性,反而让她们身上焕发出不一样的热情、生机和性感,比城里的姑娘更加有魅力。
镇上兴起了一阵跳舞热潮,这些移民女孩都喜欢去跳舞,Antonia也迷上了跳舞。舞会上有形形色色的人,Antonia经常去跳舞,也常有男人送她回家,招惹了许多男人在Mrs Harling后院徘徊。渐渐地人们对她有了“free and easy”的风评,Mrs Harling担心这样下去对她名声不好,要求她不能再去跳舞了,否则不能在他们家继续干活了,追求自由快乐的Antonia激烈反抗,她说“Mr Harling ain’t my boss outside my work”,“A girl like me has got to take good times when she can...I guess I want to have my fling, like the other girls.”她想趁着大好青春年华在舞会上发展一段感情。没想到她爱上的Larry是一个渣男,花光了她的钱之后抛弃了她,Antonia屈辱地回到了农场,重新干起农活,独自生下非婚女儿。另外几个移民女孩则保持清醒的头脑抓住了发展的机会,Lena自己开店成了一个有名的裁缝,Tiny则做起了房地产生意,开了连锁店,赚了很多钱,改变了自己的命运。Jim在外地上大学,他听闻了Antonia的遭遇,内心十分失望,在他心里最“fairest”的Antonia居然是她们三个女孩儿中过得最差的。
在Jim大二暑假、Antonia的女儿一岁八个月的时候去看了她,这年Antonia 24岁。这一段见面的场景十分动人P.213-214,Jim 对Antonia说,她是他最思念的人,他曾经希望Antonia是他的恋人或者妻子或者母亲或者妹妹,总之是生命中最重要的人,她影响了他的喜好他的品味,她是他生命的一部分。
We met like the people in the old song, in silence,if not in tears. Her warm hand clasped mine.
She was thinner than I had ever seen her, and looked a Mrs Stevens said, “worked down,”but there was a new kind of strength in the gravity of her face, and her color still gave her that look of deep-seated health and ardor.
“I’m going to see that my little girl has a better chance than I ever had. I’m going to take care of that girl, Jim.”
I told her i knew she would. “do you know, Antonia, since I’ve been away, I think of you more often than of anyone else in this part of the world. I’d have liked to have you as a sweetheart, or a wife, or my mother or my sister--anything that a woman can be to a man. The idea of you is a part of my mind; you influence my likes and dislikes, all my tastes, hundreds of times I don’t realize it. You are a part of me.”
他们告别了,彼此心里都知道,下一次相见不知是何年何月,Jim真心地说“我会再回来的”,Antonia说“即使你不回来,你也在我的心里”,P.215:
About us it was growing darker and darker, and i had to look hard to see her face, which i meant always to carry with me;the closet, realest face, under all the shadows of women’s faces, at the very bottom of my memory.
“i will come back,” i said earnestly, through the soft, intrusive darkness.
“Perhaps you will”-- I felt rather than saw her smile. But even if you don’t, you’re here, like my father. So I won’t be lonesome.”
As I went back alone over the familiar road, I could almost believe that a boy and girl ran along beside me, as our shadows used to do, laughing and whispering to each other in the grass.
Jim念完了哈佛又上了法学院,成为了大铁路公司的律师,是大城市里事业有成的青年才俊。在他们分开的二十年里,Jim也听说了Antonia的一些事情:和她分别之后,她很快和一个波西米亚的年轻人结婚了,生了很多孩子。又听Tiny告诉他,Antonia过得不太好,日子很穷,生活很艰辛。在这二十年里,Jim其实有机会去看她,但是他没有勇气,他不想看到因为生活折磨而变得又老又broken的Antonia,所以一再推迟。最后是因为答应了Lena会去看Antonia,才有了他们二十年之后的再相聚。
当我看到poor、had a large family、had not done very well、had a hard life这些字眼的时候,我也脑补了Antonia的生活,在农村又穷又生了一大堆孩子,生活能好到哪里去?但事实比我想象的好很多,她展示出来的完全不是一副令人同情或者唏嘘的样子。Antonia喜欢孩子,适合照顾人,就算她生了一大堆孩子,她对孩子仍然有饱满的热情,足够的爱和耐心,她激动地向Jim介绍她的孩子们,“she pulled them out of corners and came bringing them like a mother cat bringing in her kittens”,还有几个孩子没在家的她怕Jim待不了多久而错过见面。她的几个孩子光着脚在农庄跑老跑去,自豪地向Jim叔叔展示他们的水果屋、苹果果园、樱桃园、牛、羊(我觉得这个是一个孩子们都会非常喜欢的农家院子)。Jim终于意识到,即使Antonia长出了灰白的头发,缺了几颗牙齿,但是外观上的改变对她来说是多么微不足道啊,“her niner glow has never faded”、“whatever else has gone, Antonia had not lost the fire of life”。
Antonia的丈夫Cuzak,Cuzak本来是个city man,喜欢城市生活,他去过维也纳、纽约、佛罗里达,白天赚的钱晚上就潇洒地花掉了,但是遇到Antonia和她结婚,他甘心留在偏僻的乡村生活,对她大女儿视如己出,和她一起拓荒、种玉米、种树,生了好多好多孩子。“He was still a city man. Yet his wife had managed to hold him here on a farm, in one of the loneliest countries in the world.”都说江山易改本性难移,Cuzak能够为了Antonia留在乡村,是不是从侧面能看出来Antonia确实独具魅力呢?
书名《My Antonia》,源自Antonia的父亲对女儿的爱称,他会充满慈爱地称Antonia为“My Antonia”。我相信Jim想起Antonia的时候,心中一定会充满一阵回忆、柔软和深情,感叹:My Antonia。故事的结尾一句“Whatever we had missed, we possessed together the precious, the incommunicable past”,是的,无论走到哪里、错过什么,总有最宝贵的从小一起长大的情分把他们紧紧相连。