【视频】《健康综合征》作者访谈

原文：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/zUDRIFKVlm9dm10Zvn80nA

The Wellness Syndrome

评价人数不足

Carl Cederström Andre Spicer Carl Cederstrom / 2015 / Polity

【视频】《健康综合征》作者访谈 原创卡尔·塞德斯特伦精神分析与翻译研究2024-04-30 “没有像你应该表现的那样多运动吗？ 在睡觉的时候还在计算卡路里？ 是因为没有更快乐而感到羞耻？ 那你可能就是‘健康综合征’的受害者。” 【YouTube】 在这场研讨会中，伦敦卡斯商学院的André Spicer教授将与阿尔托大学商学院的Mika Pantzar教授、心理治疗师Maaret Kallio（芬兰人口联盟性健康诊所）、Helsingin Sanomat（赫尔辛基日报）以及阿尔托大学商学院的博士Frank Martela进行讨论，探讨当今时代最引人入胜的意识形态——“健康”（wellness）。 讨论将基于新书《健康综合征》，该书由Carl Cederström和André Spicer撰写，他们认为，持续存在的健康压力开始对我们产生反作用，让我们感觉更糟，并导致我们退缩到自己的世界里。这本书追踪了一些健康狂热者，他们为了找到完美的饮食而走极端，企业运动员从一天的舞蹈派对开始，以及那些追踪一切，包括自己如厕习惯的自我追踪者。 视频见：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FJNsPst9-E相关参考见：https://metaso.cn/s/K1fgezl 【视频内容】：这段访谈探讨了现代社会中人们对于健康和幸福的追求，以及这种追求如何影响个人和社会。访谈者通过自己的经历和观察，提出了一些深刻的问题，并分享了对当前健康和幸福追求趋势的批判性看法。还提供了对现代健康和幸福追求的深入分析，并挑战了我们对于这些概念的传统看法。它鼓励我们反思自己的生活方式，并考虑如何更真实、更有意义地生活。 时长25:13 访谈中提到的关键点包括： 个人经历：访谈者分享了自己在瑞典南部度假时的不愉快经历，以及他如何通过锻炼、健康饮食和阅读自助书籍来尝试改善自己的生活质量。 社会现象：他指出，不仅是他一个人，许多人都陷入了类似的生活模式，包括过度工作、压力、缺乏自我认知和对幸福的盲目追求。 健康和幸福的追求：访谈者讨论了健康和幸福如何变成了一种命令，以及这种命令如何在媒体、工作场所和家庭生活中不断出现。 自我怀疑和寻求帮助：人们开始质疑自己是否达到了这些健康和幸福的标准，并寻求生活教练、量化自我、健康饮食等方法来改善自己的生活。 反健康运动：访谈者提到了一些反抗健康综合征的运动，如hipster化的垃圾食品、肥胖自豪运动、emo和黑金属音乐文化，以及男性bareback运动。 健康哥特（health goth）：一个结合了哥特文化和健身文化的运动，展示了即便在反抗健康综合征的群体中，健康的追求依然存在。 结论和建议：访谈者建议我们应该停止过度记录和计划生活，而是应该更多地去实际生活和体验，专注于建立有意义的人际关系和享受生活。 【字幕见下】 [00:00.000]Thank you so much, Rupi, for the wonderful welcome here. It's nice to be back in Finland and see so many friendly faces. [00:00.000]非常感谢你，Rupi，在这里为我设下了这么热烈的欢迎场面。很高兴再次回到芬兰，看到这么多友好的面孔。 [00:09.000]I'm going to talk a little bit about this book, which we've just finished a little while ago, and it was just published a few weeks ago in the UK. [00:09.000]我想稍微谈谈这本书，我们刚写完了它，几周前才在英国出版。 [00:17.000]We had a launch last week. But I'm going to start with a kind of confessional story, because in many ways this is about confessions and stories about ourselves. [00:17.000]我们上周举行了一个发布会。但我要从一个类似忏悔的故事开始，因为从很多方面来说，这是关于忏悔和关于我们自己的故事。 [00:27.000]So one summer a few years ago, I spent a little bit of time in southern Sweden. I was feeling pretty miserable, I have to admit. [00:27.000]几年前的一个夏天，我在瑞典南部度过了一点时间。我必须承认，我当时感到相当痛苦。 [00:36.000]I'd achieved some degree of professional success fairly early in my life. I should have been happy, but I wasn't. [00:36.000]我在人生的早期阶段就取得了一定程度上的职业成就。我应该感到高兴，但我并不快乐。 [00:43.000]I found myself kind of felt like things were falling apart. Things weren't going particularly well. [00:43.000]我发现自己感觉事情正在分崩离析。事情并不特别顺利。 [00:48.000]I felt like I was trapped in the cycle of endless travel, peripatetic existence, moving between different places, [00:48.000]我感觉我被困在了无休止的旅行、漂泊不定的生活循环中，不断地在不同的地方之间移动， [00:54.000]endless networking, meeting various people. Some of them I cared about, some of them I didn't. [00:54.000]无休止的社交，遇见各种各样的人。有些人我关心，有些人则不然。 [00:59.000]Often I'd lose a sense of who I was talking to, why. And then pleasure-seeking to top it off. [00:59.000]我常常搞不清楚自己在和谁交谈，为什么交谈。然后是追求享乐。 [01:05.000]I got bored during the day talking with all these people, so I'd go out socialising, drinking, partying, etc. to kind of take an edge off it. [01:05.000]白天和这些人交谈让我感到厌烦，所以我晚上会出去社交、喝酒、参加派对等，以此来缓解一下。 [01:14.000]And as a result I woke up in the morning feeling some deep sense of existential loathing, guilt, anxiety, all of those things which we're quite familiar with. [01:14.000]结果，我早上醒来时感到一种深深的厌恶、内疚、焦虑，这些都是我们非常熟悉的感受。 [01:25.000]I felt like I was sort of somehow a bad person. So then I began considering, and I felt like I sort of turned around [01:25.000]我觉得我可能是个坏人。于是我开始考虑，我觉得我好像转变了 [01:30.000]as a post-modern individual. I didn't quite know where I was. I started worrying, I think I need to do something to get rid of this sense of this horror with myself and my life. [01:30.000]作为一个后现代个体，我不太清楚自己的位置。我开始担忧，我觉得我需要做一些事情来摆脱这种对自己和生活的恐惧感。 [01:39.000]So I started exercising, going to the gym, running. I started thinking maybe if I go and buy some organic vegetables, [01:39.000]所以我开始锻炼，去健身房，跑步。我开始想，也许如果我去买一些有机蔬菜， [01:46.000]begin eating a little bit more healthily, I can feel better about my life. Maybe if I began reading about various self-help movements, mindfulness, all sorts of other kind of things, [01:46.000]开始吃得更健康一点，我就能更好地感受我的生活。也许如果我开始阅读各种材料，自助运动、正念和其他类型的东西， [01:55.000]maybe I could find some sort of things there. So I did these things in the morning. Then I went back to checking my emails, meeting more people, socialising more, and then woke up in the morning. [01:55.000]也许我在那里能找到一些东西。所以我早上就做这些事。然后我回去查看我的电子邮件，见更多的人，更多地社交，然后早上继续醒来。 [02:05.000]So I found myself kind of caught in this cycle. I thought, this is really pathetic existence, Andre. It's really, really bad. Why am I doing this? [02:05.000]所以我发现自己陷入了这种循环。我想，这真是可悲的情形，安德烈。这真的很糟糕。我为什么要这样做？ [02:13.000]I then started realising, well, is this well-being? I started asking myself, is this just my life or is this the life of many others around me? [02:13.000]然后我开始意识到，这真的是幸福吗？我开始问自己，这只是我的生活还是我周围许多人都一样过的生活？ [02:23.000]As I read in the newspapers, I realised, well, it's not just my life, it's many others. So I read about stressed out bankers who would work until 12 o'clock at night [02:23.000]正如我在报纸上读到的那样，我意识到，这不仅仅是我的生活，还有许多其他人也这么做。所以我读到了那些工作到深夜12点的银行家们身上带有的压力 [02:32.000]and then go for a run for an hour every single evening or maybe an hour and a half to the extent that they would hurt their backs and have to take meetings lying on a table flat. [02:32.000]他们每天晚上去跑步一个小时，或者一个半小时，以至于他们会伤到自己的背部，不得不平靠在桌边开会。 [02:41.000]Civil servants who felt so overwhelmed that after their work, when they'd been reorganised every two months or so, they would hold mindfulness sessions in the corridor in the civil service in the UK. [02:41.000]公务员们感到非常不知所措，以至于在他们每两个月左右重新组织一次工作后，他们会在英国的公务员走廊里举行正念会议。 [02:55.000]Entrepreneurs who would want a life log, every single aspect of their life recorded and uploaded. Even recently today, I read about, if you go to the World Economic Forum, you're issued with a pedometer. [02:55.000]企业家们会想要一个生活日志类的记录，他们生活的每一个方面都被记录和上传。就在今天，我读到，如果你去参加世界经济论坛，他们会发给你一个计步器。 [03:10.000]Normally when you go to a conference, you get a pack of all sorts of different things. Well, the economic forum now, you get a pedometer. [03:10.000]通常当你去参加一个会议时，你会得到各种一系列不同的物件。而现在的经济论坛，你会得到一个计步器。 [03:15.000]And if you walk more than six kilometres, you get a free bike given to an African child so they can cycle to work. [03:15.000]如果你走了超过六公里，他们就会给一个非洲儿童免费送一辆自行车，这样他们就可以骑自行车去工作了。 [03:22.000]So it seems that this kind of wellness stuff is everywhere. And it wasn't just my existence that was somehow touched by it, but it was many people within at least the professional classes, they'd say. [03:22.000]所以看起来这种健康生活方式无处不在。而且不仅仅是我的生活受到了它的影响，至少在专业阶层中，很多人都受到了影响，他们会这么说。 [03:32.000]And the other thing I began to realise is we shared a kind of a shared sense of horror or almost disgust to those people who weren't living up to this wellness effect. [03:32.000]我开始意识到的另一件事是，我们对那些没有达到这种健康效果的人有一种共有的恐惧感，甚至是厌恶和反感。 [03:43.000]So, you know, after having a small child, I began to realise that many people, to feed a child a French fry from McDonald's was almost like poisoning them somehow. [03:43.000]所以，你知道，生了小孩之后，我开始意识到很多人认为，给孩子吃麦当劳的薯条几乎就像是在某种程度上毒害他们。 [03:52.000]And we often would look down on people like Vicky Pollard here. She wasn't just overweight and kind of rude and swearing. [03:52.000]我们经常看不起像这里的Vicky Pollard这样的人。她不仅仅是超重，还有点粗鲁和说脏话。 [03:59.000]We treat her as a morally disgusting human being because somehow she can't maximise their wellness. [03:59.000]我们把她当作一个道德上令人厌恶的人，因为她不知何故无法最大程度上维持她的健康。 [04:05.000]So it seemed to me that there was this idea that if you're incapable of maximising your wellness and happiness, you're also almost being to be unemployable in some ways. [04:05.000]所以在我看来，如果你无法维持你的健康和幸福，你在某些方面也几乎变得无法就业。 [04:15.000]So I'm beginning to ask this question here. Is this kind of private trauma I was suffering or this kind of thing I found myself caught in an individual thing or is it shared? [04:15.000]所以我开始在这里提出这个问题。我遭受的这种私人创伤，或者我发现自己陷入的这种情况，是我个人的事情，还是一种共享的体验？ [04:27.000]And in many ways, this is the basic sort of sociological question we always have to ask. [04:27.000]在很多方面，这是我们总需要发问的基本社会学问题。 [04:32.000]When we face problems in our life, how is that somehow shared amongst us? [04:32.000]当我们在生活中遇到问题时，这在某种程度上是如何在我们之间共享的？ [04:36.000]And this is what we began to ask. Is this wellness syndrome somehow, is this kind of a shared syndrome? [04:36.000]这就是我们开始提出的问题。这种健康综合征，是否在某种程度上，是一种共有的综合征？ [04:42.000]And I turned to my friend here. This isn't someone who's just got off the William Rice's orgasmatron. It's my colleague Carl Siederstrom. [04:42.000]我转向我这里的这位朋友。这不是一个刚从威廉·赖斯的高潮机上下来的人。这是我的同事卡尔·西德斯特罗姆。（译注：据说是威廉·赖斯发明的一种设备，这种设备旨在诱导性高潮。并且这个词最早出现在1970年代，与伍迪·艾伦（Woody Allen）有关。此外，orgasmatron也被描述为一种幽默的名称，用于指代一种能够引发性高潮的功能性障碍装置，帮助无法自然达到性高潮的人群的医疗设备或技术。此处与访谈者的朋友Carl Siederstrom形成对比，暗示Carl并不是刚从一个能带来极端快乐的设备上下来，而是一个真实的人） [04:50.000]We began talking about this a little bit and asking what's going on here? Why is this happening? [04:50.000]我们开始讨论这个问题，并询问这里发生了什么？为什么会这样？（译注接上：具体工作原理是通过一个比大多数振动器更强大的电机，快速振动一个与整个阴蒂神经末梢质量相等的重物。这种设计使得振动器能够提供更加丰富和多样的感觉，而不是单一的嗡嗡声。此外，从历史的角度来看，Orgasmatron的概念起源于伍迪·艾伦的喜剧电影《睡人》，其中描述了一种能够在按下按钮时无需性行为就能产生高潮的机器。这表明，Orgasmatron的设计初衷是为了提供一种无需伴侣参与就能达到性满足的方式。） [04:55.000]And together we began reading a series of books and found quite quickly there's quite a shared tradition of work which looks at this idea of wellness and how it's gone into contemporary culture. [04:55.000]我们一起开始阅读一系列书籍，并很快发现有一个相当共有的工作传统，它审视了健康的概念以及它是如何进入当代文化的。 [05:07.000]Carl would often mock me on going on what he called my guilt runs in the morning. [05:07.000]卡尔经常嘲笑我，他说我早上会去进行所谓的“内疚跑步”。 [05:12.000]So we might go out and have a beer in the evening and then I'd be having my guilt run in the morning to sort of get rid of the side effects of over-socialising and over-indulging. [05:12.000]所以我们可能会在晚上出去喝一杯，然后我会在早上进行我的内疚跑步，以摆脱过度社交和过度放纵的副作用。 [05:20.000]Now one of the books which we read and which was very influential we thought was Philip Rice's The Triumph of the Therapeutic. [05:20.000]我们读过的一本书，我们认为非常有影响力的是菲利普·赖斯的《治疗的胜利》。 [05:27.000]And the point which he makes here, I think it's an important point, is that once we lose a kind of a shared sense of belief and a shared sense of rituals which would have come from religion, [05:27.000]他在这里提出的观点，我认为这是一个重要的观点，就是我们一旦失去了一种共同的信仰感和来自宗教的共同仪式感， [05:36.000]we have this kind of need to replace it with something. We still have all the existential questions but we need to replace it with something. [05:36.000]我们就有这种需要，用其他东西来替代它。我们仍然带着所有的存在主义问题，但我们需要用其他东西来替代它。 [05:42.000]So instead of going to church we go to a therapist's couch or to other kinds of wellness intensifying activities. [05:42.000]所以，我们不去教堂，而是去心理治疗师的沙发上，或者参加其他类型的健康促进活动。 [05:50.000]So that was interesting. So it seems to be about loss of belief. [05:50.000]所以这就很有趣了。这似乎还与信仰的丧失有关。 [05:57.000]The second thing in the key book we looked at was the book called The Culture of Narcissism by Christopher Latch. [05:57.000]我们看过的第二本书是克里斯托弗·拉什所著的《自恋文化》。 [06:05.000]And what he argues here looking at 1970s US is that you get this rise of a culture which begins to not look towards shared social projects. [06:05.000]他在这里论述的是，观察1970年代的美国，你会看到一种文化的兴起，这种文化开始不再关注共享的社会活动和项目。 [06:14.000]There's a sense that all of those things had broken down, shared beliefs in anything, but we begin to just believe in ourselves. [06:14.000]有一种感觉是所有这些事情都已经崩溃了，那种对任何事物的共同信仰，而我们开始只相信我们自己。 [06:21.000]So instead of engaging in a broader social project or broader economic project with other people, [06:21.000]因此，我们不再参与更广泛的社会项目或与其他人一起进行更广泛的经济活动， [06:26.000]we begin to turn inwards, take the great turn inwards and focus on trying to rebuild a sense of self in our own lives. [06:26.000]我们开始向内转，走向伟大的内向转变，专注于尝试在我们自己的生活中重建自我感觉。 [06:33.000]That's the only thing we have control over so we focus on that. So this kind of widespread culture of narcissism. [06:33.000]这是我们唯一能控制的事情，所以我们专注于此。所以这是种广泛的自恋文化。 [06:39.000]The third thing which seemed to be quite influential as the emphasis of stuff that's come out of work from Michelle Foucault, [06:39.000]第三件似乎相当有影响力的事情是，米歇尔·福柯在工作所强调的东西， [06:45.000]this idea that we begin to discipline ourselves. So we're not just kind of undergoing our lives, [06:45.000]是指我们开始自律的想法。所以我们不仅仅是在经历我们的生活， [06:50.000]but we begin to try and discipline, control, surveil all of the activities which we're doing. [06:50.000]而是我们开始尝试纪律、控制、监视我们正在进行的所有活动。 [06:54.000]Ask questions about our diet. Every small piece of our life becomes an object of self-surveillance and self-control. [06:54.000]譬如询问我们的饮食。我们生活中的每一个小部分都成为自我监视和自我控制的对象。 [07:02.000]And then the final thing I find kind of interesting here is the rise of what we might call the hipster economy, [07:02.000]然后我发现这里最后一件有趣的事情是所谓的嬉皮士经济的崛起， [07:08.000]where many of these kind of ideas of counter-cultural activities, whether that's growing long beards, having kind of, [07:08.000]其中许多这些反文化活动的想法，无论是留起长胡子，差不多那种就行， [07:17.000]all these kind of various things which would be associated with the kind of counter-culture in the past, [07:17.000]所有这些过去会与反文化相关联的各种事情， [07:21.000]become part of the kind of mainstream economy. And in many ways the celebration of flexibility, [07:21.000]成为主流经济的一部分。在很多方面，灵活的庆祝， [07:28.000]networking, authenticity, inwardness, meditation, all of these things which would be associated previously with the counter-culture, [07:28.000]网络化，真实，内向，冥想，所有这些以前会与反文化相关联的事情， [07:35.000]become a big selling point in the contemporary economy. But they also allow us to deal with flexibility of being downsized every now and then. [07:35.000]成为当代经济中的一个重要卖点。但它们也帮助我们适应经济中的灵活变动，比如时不时的裁员或缩减规模（译注：这些健康和自我提升的理念不仅被当代经济体系所推崇，而且实际上也为个人提供了一种工具或方法，帮助他们适应和应对经济中的不稳定性和周期性的变动。这反映了现代社会中个人需要具备高度的适应性和自我管理能力，以在不断变化的工作环境中保持竞争力。） [07:43.000]You just need to sort of go with the flow in a sense. So in many ways the picture which emerges here is maybe this wellness issue [07:43.000]你只需要在某种意义上顺其自然。所以从很多方面来看，这里浮现出来的画面可能是这个健康问题 [07:50.000]can be potentially a religion replacement, maybe it kicks off a sense of narcissism, [07:50.000]可能成为潜在的宗教替代品，也许它激发了一种自恋感， [07:55.000]maybe it's about self-control, and maybe it kind of tunes us to the flexibility and uncertainties of the contemporary economy. [07:55.000]也许是关于自我控制，也许它让我们适应当代经济的灵活性和不确定性。 [08:03.000]So that's what we kind of know. But one other thing which we began looking at, sorry this doesn't come out properly, [08:03.000]于是我们了解到了这些情况。不过我们开始研究的另一件事，抱歉这个没有很好地表达出来， [08:09.000]is one idea we came back to again and again is this idea of bio-morality which comes from Alanka Zupancik. [08:09.000]我们反复回到的一个想法是这个来自Alanka Zupancik的生物道德概念。（译注：这一概念的起源可以追溯到Zupancik对于传统道德责任观念的批判。她认为，传统的道德观念需要被重新审视和理解，以适应现代科技和社会的发展；强调了生物学因素在道德判断和行为选择中的作用。这与一些现代生物学家的观点相呼应，他们认为道德行为可能是人类进化过程中形成的，用以帮助早期人类生存、繁衍和传播基因的能力。通过她的理论，进一步探讨了这种生物学基础如何影响我们对道德的理解和实践。） [08:16.000]And she talks about bio-morality being the widespread assumption that to be a healthy and happy person is to be a morally good person. [08:16.000]她谈到生物道德是一种普遍的假设，即认为健康快乐的人就是道德良好的人。（译注接上：在研究方面，其工作主要集中在如何将生物学因素融入道德哲学的讨论中。通过引入生物学视角，Zupancik提出了一种更为复杂和动态的道德理解方式，这种方式能够更好地解释和应对当代社会面临的伦理挑战。其他相关讨论也涉及到了生物医学伦理学的多个方面。例如，生物医学伦理学中的道德现实主义观点认为道德主张表达了一个命题，并且至少有一些这些命题是真实的。这种观点与Zupancik的“bio-morality”概念有着潜在的联系，因为它也强调了生物学因素在道德判断中的重要性。作为对传统道德哲学的重要补充和发展，它不仅挑战了传统道德责任的核心假设，而且通过引入生物学视角，为理解和解决当代社会中的伦理问题提供了新的思路和工具。） [08:23.000]And if you're unhealthy and unhappy that makes you morally bad in some respects. [08:23.000]如果你不健康、不快乐，那在某些方面就使你在道德上变得0差了、坏了、糟糕了。 [08:27.000]And this seems to kind of almost be a beacon or a light that we came back to again and again, [08:27.000]这似乎几乎成了一个灯塔或芒点，我们一次又一次地回到这里， [08:32.000]an idea which seemed to somehow reflect the contemporary realities which we have suffered. [08:32.000]一个似乎以某种方式反映了我们所遭受当代现实的想法。 [08:37.000]So we get to sort of think how does this work, how does this operate? [08:37.000]所以我们开始思考这是怎么回事，这是如何运作的？ [08:41.000]And the first thing we realise is that this idea of wellness has increasingly become a command. [08:41.000]我们首先意识到的是，健康幸福的这个概念已经越来越多地变成了一种命令。 [08:47.000]It's not just increase your wellness, it's that you need to do this now, you must do it. [08:47.000]不仅仅是提高你的健康，而是你现在就需要这样做，你必须这样做。 [08:53.000]So it's a command which we constantly face. We face it in a range of aspects. [08:53.000]所以这是一个我们不断面对的命令。我们在各个方面都面临着它。 [08:57.000]The media is constantly giving us dietary advice or exercise advice, all sorts of things. [08:57.000]媒体不断地给我们提供饮食建议或锻炼建议，各种各样的事情。 [09:02.000]In the workplace we come to work and we're told to make ourselves happier and healthier and better and so forth. [09:02.000]在工作场所，我们来工作，被告知要让自己更快乐、更健康、更好等等。 [09:08.000]In family life increasingly we see this as an important thing. [09:08.000]在家庭生活中，我们越来越看到这是一个重要的事情。 [09:11.000]And even the status get off it, got in on the act. [09:11.000]甚至那些拥有一定地位或身份的人也不再置身事外，而是开始参与进来（译注：对健康和幸福追求如何渗透到社会的各个层面，包括工作场所、家庭生活，甚至政策制定领域，譬如那些在社会、工作场所或政策制定中具有影响力的人或实体，比如公司的CEO们或政府官员。健康和幸福已经成为一个普遍现象，甚至影响到了社会的高层。） [09:14.000]So we see this kind of constant command, be well or else. [09:14.000]所以我们看到了这种不断加注的命令式，要么你就好起来，否则就会怎样怎样的。 [09:18.000]The second thing is that it triggers us, in us a sense, naturally of self-doubt. [09:18.000]第二件事是，它在我们内心引发了一种自然的自我怀疑感。 [09:24.000]We begin to say, well am I living up to these demands? [09:24.000]我们开始说，我是否达到了这些要求？ [09:27.000]Who wouldn't want to be happy? How happy am I? Am I really that happy? [09:27.000]谁不想快乐？我有多快乐？我真的那么快乐吗？ [09:31.000]In what ways can I maximise my happiness? How can I be healthier? [09:31.000]我怎样才能最大程度上实现我的幸福？我怎样才能更健康？ [09:35.000]And all of these questions begin going round and round and round in our minds. [09:35.000]所有这些问题开始在我们的脑海中不断循环。 [09:39.000]They were previously occupied a small aspect of our life. [09:39.000]它们之前只占据了我们生活的一小部分。 [09:42.000]But now we constantly ask them. [09:42.000]但现在我们不断地问这些问题。 [09:44.000]Now the first thing on our minds when we wake up in the morning. [09:44.000]现在，当我们早上醒来时，这是我们脑海中的第一件事。 [09:47.000]So after we engage in this sort of self-doubting, self-questioning behaviour, [09:47.000]所以，在我们进行这种自我怀疑、自我质疑的行为之后， [09:52.000]then we turn somewhere. We go looking for help. [09:52.000]然后我们转向某处。我们去寻找帮助。 [09:55.000]So we might go for a life coaching session, which by the way it's interesting to see the kind of massive upswing of life coaching [09:55.000]所以我们可能会去参加生活辅导课程，顺便说一下，看到生活辅育能大幅增长，这就很有趣， [10:01.000]as a profession in different parts of the world. [10:01.000]它成了世界各地不同地区的一种职业。 [10:04.000]We might get engaged in a bit of quantified self. [10:04.000]我们可能会做一些量化自我的事儿。 [10:08.000]We would begin tracking all aspects of our movement from our heart rate, our daily average sleep, [10:08.000]我们会开始跟踪我们运动的所有方面，从心率，我们的日常平均睡眠， [10:13.000]how much water we drink a day. [10:13.000]我们一天喝多少水。 [10:17.000]We might have these apps now that will ask you to log your happiness rating at all different times of the day [10:17.000]我们可能现在有这些应用程序，它们会要求你在一天中的不同时间记录你的幸福评级 [10:23.000]and give you numbers on this. So that's what we might do. [10:23.000]并给你反馈出这些数字。所以这就是我们可能会做的。 [10:26.000]Or if you're living in the city of London, working in the financial district, [10:26.000]或者如果你住在伦敦市，在金融区工作， [10:29.000]you can attend something called 'morning glory', which is their slogan is 'rave your way into the day'. [10:29.000]你可以参加一些叫做“晨光”的活动，他们的口号是“狂欢进入一天”。（译注：晨光行动一个比喻，用来形容一种新的、积极的早晨生活方式，它将健康、活力和工作前的准备活动结合起来，以促进身心健康和提高工作效率。它代表一种早晨的狂欢体验，目的是通过早晨的积极活动来提升个人的健康和幸福感。） [10:34.000]So instead of going out raving in the evening, you go in the morning, have a healthy smoothie, [10:34.000]所以不是在晚上出去狂欢，而是在早上，喝一杯健康的冰沙， [10:39.000]do some dancing and then go to work pumped up and ready to be productive. [10:39.000]跳跳舞，然后精力充沛地去工作，准备提高自己的生产力。 [10:43.000]You might engage in a paleo diet, eat like a caveman and be healthy. [10:43.000]你可能会参与一个古老的饮食，像穴居人一样吃东西，从而保持健康。（译注：一种基于史前人类饮食习惯的营养饮食方式。这种饮食模式假设现代人类可以通过模仿旧石器时代的饮食习惯来改善健康状况，因为那时的人类被认为是健康的，没有现代疾病的困扰。古饮食法的核心思想是，人类应该吃我们的祖先在农业和工业出现之前所吃的食物，也就是在大约1万年前。） [10:48.000]You might go and look for saviour from your friendly local celebrity chef, [10:48.000]你可能会去找你友好的当地名厨寻求救赎， [10:54.000]and not just try to save yourself but to save others through teaching them how to make organic picachios. [10:54.000]而不仅仅是试图自救，而是通过教他们如何制作有机碧根果来拯救他人。 [11:00.000]So this is the question we began, is this just about our own private lives? [11:00.000]所以这是我们开始的问题，这仅仅是关于我们自己的私生活吗？ [11:04.000]So we see this replete throughout our private lives, many of us engage in these practices. [11:04.000]所以我们看到这在我们的私生活中比比皆是，我们许多人都参与这些实践活动。 [11:09.000]Is this just what we do privately? [11:09.000]这只是我们私下才做的事情吗？ [11:11.000]We began to realise, no it's not. [11:11.000]我们开始意识到，不，当然不是的。 [11:14.000]Companies begin hiring cheap happiness officers. [11:14.000]公司开始雇佣廉价的幸福管理者。 [11:18.000]To be a CEO, now you don't just say I'm very good at my job and here are my characteristics. [11:18.000]要成为一名CEO，现在你不仅仅说你非常擅长你的工作，说什么这些是我的优点和特征。 [11:23.000]You also have to run a marathon or be a triathlete or something like this. [11:23.000]你还必须跑一场马拉松或者成为一名三项全能运动员之类的。 [11:28.000]You can purchase for your lazy employees a treadmill desk where you can work out while you're working. [11:28.000]你可以为你懒惰的员工购买一台跑步机办公桌，这样你就可以在工作时锻炼。 [11:34.000]So it seems that almost we've had a replacement of the work ethic with the work out ethic in some ways. [11:34.000]所以看来，在某种程度上，我们几乎已经用锻炼式的道德取代了工作场上的道德。 [11:41.000]The military in the US has introduced mindfulness forces. [11:41.000]美国军方引入了正念力量。（译注：军事人员经常面对极端和压力巨大的环境，这可能会对他们的心理健康产生负面影响。正念训练被认为是一种有助于提高个人心理复原力和缓解创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的工具。正念训练旨在提高专注力和当前情境的感知能力，这可能对需要快速反应和精确决策的军事行动至关重要。通过提升个人的正念能力，可以增强领导力和团队之间的沟通与合作，这对于军队的效能和凝聚力是至关重要的。随着美军在不同地区和文化背景下的部署，正念训练可以帮助士兵更好地适应不同的环境和文化差异。美军一直在寻求创新的方法来提高其军事效能，正念训练作为一种新兴的训练方式，反映了军队在适应现代战争需求方面的灵活性和开放性。） [11:44.000]They train people in mindfulness and then drop them into a fake combat zone [11:44.000]他们对人进行正念训练，然后将他们放入一个模拟战斗区域（译注接上：在大国竞争和地缘政治紧张的背景下，美军不断寻求提升其军事优势，正念训练可能是其提升士兵个人能力和整体作战能力的一部分。正念训练也被视为一种健康促进手段，有助于提高士兵的整体福祉和生活质量，这与军队对士兵健康和福利的长期投资相一致。美国陆军和其他军种正在进行现代化升级，正念训练可能是这一现代化进程的一部分，特别是在提高士兵的认知和非认知技能方面） [11:48.000]complete with screaming soldiers and fake explosions. [11:48.000]那里有尖叫的士兵和假爆炸。 [11:52.000]Now countries are beginning to measure their gross national happiness [11:52.000]现在各国开始衡量他们的国民幸福总值 [11:56.000]and I think Denmark talks about one of its key competitive advantages as being one of the most happy nations in the world. [11:56.000]我认为丹麦谈论其关键竞争优势之一是作为世界上最幸福的国家之一。 [12:02.000]They fail to mention it's got one of the highest suicide rates in the world as well. [12:02.000]他们没有提到它也拥有世界上最高的自杀率之一。 [12:06.000]So there's somehow being happy becomes a kind of a policy area that you want to measure and manipulate. [12:06.000]因此，不知何故，幸福成为了一个你想衡量和操纵的政策领域。 [12:13.000]It becomes something you want to increase in the workplace and all other aspects of social life. [12:13.000]它变成了你想要在工作场所和社会生活的所有其他方面增加的东西。 [12:18.000]So it seems to be here we have this kind of command of technology, optimise your wellness or else. [12:18.000]所以看来在这里我们有这种技术上的指挥和调度，优化你的健康，否则就如何如何。（译注：传达了一种潜在的威胁或者是一种不明确的负面后果，它强调了追求健康、幸福和个人发展的压力。这种表达方式在语言中常用来加强语气，让读者或听众感受到一种紧迫的需要去采取行动。） [12:25.000]So how do they then respond? [12:25.000]那么他们又是如何回应的呢？ [12:27.000]Well there seems to be lots of scientific evidence increasingly that some of these initiatives are good for you. [12:27.000]现在似乎有越来越多的科学证据表明，这些举措对你是有好处的。 [12:32.000]So if we take mindfulness for instance it's quite a good treatment if you have an anxiety issue [12:32.000]例如，如果我们以正念为例，如果你有焦虑问题，这是一种很好的治疗方式。 [12:37.000]or maybe depression, low-level depression, useful for that. [12:37.000]或者可能是抑郁，轻度抑郁，对这种情况很有帮助。 [12:41.000]But it seems to be many of the claims which are being made for these things are often far bigger than how to deal with specific individual issues. [12:41.000]但似乎许多对这些事情的说法往往比如何处理具体的个人问题要大得多。 [12:48.000]It's almost like we've found some kind of great saving force which is going to save our society somehow, [12:48.000]这几乎就像我们找到了某种伟大的救赎力量，将以某种方式拯救我们的社会。 [12:55.000]make it into a better society in a kind of way. [12:55.000]让它成为一个更好的社会。 [12:58.000]So there's this positive aspect of it but I think there's also a sort of negative aspect in many ways. [12:58.000]所以这是它的积极方面，但我认为在很多方面也有一个负面方面。 [13:04.000]Many of these initiatives can actually begin to backfire on people and I'll just mention a few examples of this. [13:04.000]这些举措中的许多实际上可能开始对人们产生适得其反的效果，我仅举几个例子来说明这一点。 [13:10.000]One example is clearly dieting, right? [13:10.000]一个明显的例子就是节食，对吧？ [13:12.000]So one initiative we often have is dieting but most of the evidence will show that most people who take a diet, [13:12.000]所以我们经常采取的一种措施是节食，但大多数证据表明，大多数节食的人， [13:18.000]95% of them will gain the weight back which they had and many more indeed will actually end up fatter rather than thinner through this process of yo-yo diet. [13:18.000]95%的人会重新获得他们曾经拥有的体重，而且更多的人实际上会通过这种“yoyo”式的循环节食过程，从而变得更胖而不是更瘦。（译注：也被称作体重循环（weight cycling），描述的是减肥、增重然后再减肥的循环模式。这种现象通常发生在人们开始一种新的节食方法，减掉一些体重，然后停止节食，体重再次增加，之后再次开始节食的周期性行为中。经历过多次节食循环的人可能会面临更高的心脏病、癌症和糖尿病风险） [13:26.000]Part of the reason for this is that when you ask people when they're going to go on a diet, how much weight do you want to lose? [13:26.000]这部分原因是当你问人们他们打算什么时候开始节食，你想减掉多少体重？ [13:32.000]On average people would, this is in a US study so this is probably a little bit extreme, [13:32.000]平均来说，人们会这么做，这还是在美国的研究，所以这可能有点极端， [13:36.000]but would nominate about 30% of their body weight, right, which is almost impossible for most people to lose, right? [13:36.000]但人们会选择减掉他们体重的大约30%，对吧，这对于那些大多数人来说几乎是不可能的，对吧？ [13:43.000]So we have these increasingly high massive goals for ourselves. [13:43.000]所以我们为自己设定了越来越高的巨大目标。 [13:49.000]We overestimate our ability to do things and then we kind of under deliver as we do because we're humans [13:49.000]我们高估了我们做事的能力，然后我们未能达到预期，因为我们是人 [13:54.000]and then as a result we feel bad about it and actually become less healthy. [13:54.000]然后结果上，我们为此感到难过，实际上就变得更不健康。 [13:59.000]A second thing which an example of this backfire effect which we looked at was New Year's resolutions, right? [13:59.000]第二种情况是新年决心的反作用效应例子，对吧？（译注：指人们在新年伊始设定的目标或计划，通常是为了改善自己的生活或习惯，比如减肥、锻炼、戒烟或提高生活质量等。不过很多人在设定新年决心后不久就无法坚持下去。尽管人们知道新年决心可能难以实现，但他们仍然倾向于设定相同的目标，并且往往会重复失败的循环。持续的压力去追求快乐和成功可能会产生反作用，导致人们感到更加不快乐和焦虑，以及社会对个人幸福和成功的期望可能带来的压力和反作用） [14:06.000]So many of us in the room had set a New Year's resolution and when we did that we all knew that we're probably not going to live up to it, right, if we're rational about it. [14:06.000]所以，我们很多人都是待在房间里就设定好了新年计划，当我们这样做时，我们都知道我们可能无法实现它，对吧，如果我们能理性看待的话。 [14:15.000]Statistics tell us that something like within about two or three weeks about 50% of people have not lived up to their New Year's resolution. [14:15.000]统计数据告诉我们，大约在两三周内，大约有50%的人没有实现他们的新年决心。 [14:23.000]After three months I think it's down to one third or something like that or one quarter who's living up to it and after two years I think it's like five to ten percent who have actually gone through with their New Year's resolution. [14:23.000]三个月后，我认为这个数字下降到三分之一或类似的比例，两年后，我认为大约有5%到10%的人真正实现了他们的新年目标。 [14:33.000]So we know that, but the amazing thing is that we tend to set the same resolution over and over again. [14:33.000]所以我们知道这一点，但令人惊讶的是，我们倾向于一遍又一遍地设定相同的决心。 [14:40.000]So on average people set the same New Year's resolution five times in a row. [14:40.000]所以平均来说，人们连续五次设定相同的新年决心。 [14:44.000]So we seem to sort of have this triumph of hope over reality many, many times when it comes to our abilities to change our own lives. [14:44.000]所以我们似乎在很多情况下，都有一种希望战胜现实的成就感，这关系到我们改变自己的生活的能力。 [14:51.000]So we're told constantly you have the power to change your life, but in reality it doesn't seem that we do. [14:51.000]所以我们不断地被告知，你有能力改变你的生活，但实际上似乎我们并没有。 [14:58.000]Finally, and I must thank Frank for pointing this study out to me, that there seems to be a number of studies which are coming out recently pointing out this kind of pressure to be well and to be happy often has a backfiring effect. [14:58.000]最后，我必须感谢弗兰克向我指出这项研究，最近似乎有很多研究指出，这种要健康、要快乐的压力往往会适得其反。 [15:11.000]So one very nice study which was done by some psychologists, they basically got two groups of people and they showed them a film which made them happy which was Ice Skater winning a medal or something like this. [15:11.000]所以有一个非常好的研究，是由一些心理学家进行的，他们基本上得到了两组人，他们向他们展示了一部让他们感到快乐的电影，比如花样滑冰运动员赢得奖牌之类的。 [15:24.000]But they took the two groups and they separated them and the only difference is one group read our statement saying something like being happy is very, very important in your life and it makes you a thriving person etc. etc. [15:24.000]但他们将这两个小组分开，唯一的区别是，一个小组阅读了我们的声明，声明中说类似于“快乐在你的生活中非常重要，它会让你成为一个茁壮成长的人等等。” [15:36.000]The other group didn't. [15:36.000]另一组人没有。 [15:38.000]They thought that and then they mentioned after showing the video are they happier or not. [15:38.000]他们这么想，然后在展示视频后他们提到，他们是否更快乐了。 [15:42.000]They found the people who read the statement happiness is very important in my life, watch the video, would actually be more miserable after seeing this, right? [15:42.000]他们发现那些读到“幸福对我来说非常重要”的人，在看了视频之后，实际上会感到更加痛苦，对吧？ [15:50.000]So what this begins to point out to us is that it's not per se being happy which is the problem. [15:50.000]所以这开始向我们指出，问题不在于幸福本身。 [15:56.000]It's this constant pressure you must be happy or else, in a sense, and we often go out sort of seeking it. [15:56.000]这是种你必须快乐的持续压力，否则在某种意义上，我们还得经常走出去才能找到它。 [16:02.000]So it seems to kind of backfire. So it tends to make us arguably more unhappy, more unhappy, more unwell and one of the key points that we argue and book more anxious, right? [16:02.000]所以这似乎有点适得其反。所以它倾向于使我们更加不快乐，更加不健康，我们书中争论的一个关键点是，它使我们更加焦虑，对吧？ [16:12.000]So we're constantly under the demand to increase our happiness which we don't start worrying just about have I done all my work correctly or is my family happy or whatever. [16:12.000]所以我们不断地受到提高我们幸福感的要求，我们不仅仅开始担心我是否正确地完成了所有的工作，或者我的家人是否幸福等等。 [16:22.000]It's am I happy? Have I gone from my five mile run to that? Have I maximised my meditative potential etc. etc. etc. [16:22.000]我是否快乐？我是否从我的五英里跑步中得到了什么？我是否最大完善了我的冥想潜力等等等等。 [16:30.000]So it's just one more thing to worry about, to get anxious about and to have to work on. [16:30.000]所以这只是另一个需要担心、焦虑和努力解决的问题。 [16:35.000]The result then is it begins to crowd out our lives. So all of this wellness seeking activity takes up a huge amount of time, right? [16:35.000]结果就是，它开始挤占我们的生活。所以所有这些追求健康的行为占据了大量的时间，对吧？ [16:43.000]So as I mentioned before that I was running a marathon recently. [16:43.000]就像我之前提到的，我最近参加了一场马拉松比赛。 [16:48.000]That took up a massive amount of time and took time away from caring for my young daughter, seeing my friends, all sorts of other things that you do basically [16:48.000]这占用了大量的时间，也让我无法照顾年幼的女儿，无法与朋友见面，以及无法做其他各种基本的事情。 [16:57.000]and to make them kind of have sort of a reasonable life. And if you then life log all of these kind of things then it becomes even more intensive. [16:57.000]让你能够过上一种相对合理的生活。如果你再将这些活动都记录下来，那么它就变得更加密集了。 [17:04.000]So the hope to kind of find happiness crowns out the time where we actually engage in pursuits which make our life meaningful and worthwhile. [17:04.000]所以，寻找幸福的希望挤占了我们真正参与那些让生活有意义和价值的活动的时间。 [17:13.000]The third point is that in many ways this is a gift for various people who want to keep an eye on what we're doing in our daily life. [17:13.000]第三点是，在很多方面，这对那些想要关注我们日常生活中所做事情的人来说是一种礼物。 [17:20.000]So if you think about a technology like life logging, can you imagine what the East German Stasi would have thought about that? [17:20.000]所以如果你想想像生活记录这样的技术，你能想象东德的史塔西会怎么想吗？ [17:27.000]This is fantastic. This is the best thing which we can imagine. But they couldn't do it, right? They didn't have the technical means. [17:27.000]这很厉害。这是我们能想象到的最好的事情。但他们做不到，对吧？他们没有技术手段。 [17:34.000]Whereas we do and the thing is the state or some security agency doesn't do it to us. We do it to ourselves. [17:34.000]而我们有，问题是国家或某个安全机构不对我们做这件事。那我们就对自己做了。 [17:40.000]And we also pay Apple or Fitbit or whoever else for the pleasure of doing that, right? [17:40.000]我们还向苹果或Fitbit或任何其他人支付做这件事的乐趣，对吧？ [17:45.000]So in some ways we're kind of trapped in this self-surveillance situation. Now all of this data is then being sold on and packaged and used to market things towards you [17:45.000]所以从某种意义上说，我们陷入了这种自我监控的境地。现在所有这些数据都被出售、打包并用于向你推销东西 [17:54.000]and all sorts of other stuff. It's not your data. It's someone else's data you're generating. [17:54.000]以及各种其他东西。这不是你的数据。这是你正在生成别人的数据。 [17:59.000]And the final thing, and perhaps this is the most interesting, is that these feelings of maximising our own wellness lead us to kind of turn inwards, [17:59.000]最后一件事，也许这是最有趣的，是这些最大程度上实现我们自己健康的感觉让我们开始向内转变， [18:08.000]focus on our own self-development projects. We know that and engage less in kind of external development projects. [18:08.000]专注于我们自己的自我发展活动。我们知道这一点，并且较少参与对外发展和探索的行动。 [18:14.000]But it also leads us to be far more judgmental of people who we see as not living up to these categories of wellness. [18:14.000]但这也使我们对那些我们认为不符合这些健康类别的人更加挑剔。 [18:21.000]So there's recent work in moral psychology which shows us that if we judge someone as disgusting, which is often what this wellness thing is pushing us to do, [18:21.000]因此，道德心理学中的最近研究表明，如果我们认为某人令人厌恶，这通常是健康问题推动我们去做的， [18:29.000]we tend to make very, very rash and harsh judgments on where we put one aspect, maybe they're a smoker, on onto other characteristics. [18:29.000]我们倾向于对一个人进行非常草率和严厉的判断，我们将一个方面，也许他们是一个吸烟者的情况，扩展到其他特征上。 [18:37.000]They're a smoker so they can't control themselves so therefore they'll be a bad employee, right? [18:37.000]他们是一个吸烟者，所以他们无法控制自己，因此他们将是一个糟糕的员工，对吧？ [18:41.000]And we tend to make these snap moral judgments on the basis of one criteria onto others. [18:41.000]我们倾向于基于一个标准对其他人做出这些快速的道德判断。 [18:47.000]So not only does it make us more surveilled, it also makes us more judgmental and often leading to very, very bad decisions being made. [18:47.000]所以，它不仅使我们受到更多的监视，也使我们更加挑剔，并且经常导致做出非常糟糕的决策。 [18:55.000]So all of this begins to suggest, we began to ask this question, well, you know, how are people reacting to it? [18:55.000]所以所有这些都开始暗示，我们开始提出这个问题，嗯，你知道，人们对它有什么反应？ [19:02.000]Are people sort of embracing it with open arms? It seems so. [19:02.000]人们是不是张开双臂拥抱它？看起来是这样。 [19:06.000]But we also began to find that there are a range of groups who kind of had created backlash, kind of anti-wellness movement. [19:06.000]但我们也开始发现，有一系列的群体，他们似乎创造了一种反弹，一种反健康运动。 [19:12.000]And I'll give you some examples of this. [19:12.000]我会给你们一些这样的例子。 [19:15.000]One example I could think, I sort of realised in my own life after reading Karl-Owe Knauskart's My Struggle series, [19:15.000]我能想到的一个例子，在我读了卡尔-奥韦·克瑙斯高的《我的奋斗》系列后，我在自己的生活中意识到了这一点， [19:24.000]there's one thing in the second chapter he's complaining a lot about how difficult it is to have a young family identified with all of that stuff. [19:24.000]在第二章中，他一直在抱怨拥有一个年轻家庭并与之相关的所有事情有多困难。 [19:31.000]But then he says, one day I was playing football at, you know, in my football team and I broke my leg. [19:31.000]但后来他说，有一天我在踢足球，你知道，在我的足球队里，我摔断了腿。 [19:38.000]And then I got to go home, lie down, just watch TV. I was in the worst pain possible. It was awful but I was in pure joy. [19:38.000]然后我回家躺下，只是看电视。我痛苦不堪。这很可怕，但我感到非常高兴。 [19:46.000]Why? Because he didn't have to do anything, right? Didn't have to go to work, he didn't have to maximise his wellness by going for a run, [19:46.000]为什么？因为他什么都不用做，对吧？不用去工作，他不需要通过跑步来优化自己的健康， [19:54.000]he didn't have to visit his life coach, although he doesn't have a life coach, all of those things. [19:54.000]他不需要去拜访他的生活教练，尽管他没有生活教练，所有这些事情。 [19:59.000]So the point is that some of the reasons, the reason we secretly like illness to some extent, or these short-term illnesses, [19:59.000]所以关键是，我们暗地里某种程度上喜欢生病，或者这些短期疾病的原因之一， [20:05.000]the kind of man flu like this chap has here, is that we're kind of free from not just the obligation to work, [20:05.000]像这位先生这里所患的这种“男子感冒”，是因为我们不仅从工作的义务中解脱出来，（译注：在一些情况下，它是带有幽默色彩的表达，用来描述男性在患轻微疾病，如普通感冒时，表现得好像病情很严重的样子。这种用法通常是非正式和幽默的，暗示男性在夸大症状的严重性。在日常对话中可能被当作笑话，但它也引起了一些科学兴趣和讨论，探讨性别差异在对流感的反应中可能扮演的角色。但同时也指向了一个真实的科学现象，即男性和女性在经历相似疾病时可能存在不同的反应和后果。） [20:11.000]but this obligation of maximising our own wellness which weighs heavy upon us. [20:11.000]而且从压在我们身上那种究极实现自身健康的责任中解脱出来。 [20:16.000]So there's an aspect of that, I think. I wouldn't want to take that too far but there's something interesting there. [20:16.000]所以我认为这是其中的一个方面。我不想把这一点推得太远，但这里确实有一些有趣的地方。 [20:21.000]The other interesting thing we begin to observe is one of the fastest growing food trends at the moment [20:21.000]我们开始观察到另一个有趣的现象是，目前增长最快的食品趋势之一 [20:26.000]is basically hipsterised junk food, right? So upmarket junk food. So you go and buy a burger, [20:26.000]基本上是时尚化的垃圾食品，对吧？也就是高端的垃圾食品。所以你去买一个汉堡， [20:32.000]you can go and buy a burger in London for £20 or £30 or whatever, you know. [20:32.000]你可以在伦敦花20英镑或30英镑随便多少钱去买一个汉堡。 [20:37.000]And one of the examples of this we've seen recently, if you go to Las Vegas, you can go to a place called the Half Tack Grill [20:37.000]最近我们看到的一个例子是，如果你去拉斯维加斯，你可以去一个叫做Half Tack Grill的地方。 [20:44.000]where you can buy a single bypass, double bypass, triple bypass or quadruple bypass burger. [20:44.000]在那里你可以买一个单层、双层、三层或四层汉堡。（译注：这种汉堡通常被认为是不健康的食物，因为其中的高脂肪和高胆固醇含量可能会增加患心脏病等心血管疾病的风险。人们应该适度消费这种高热量、高脂肪的食物，以保持健康的饮食习惯。） [20:49.000]And you don't only just get a burger here, you also get welcomed in by a kind of a nurse dress and a kind of a slightly dodgy nurse outfit, [20:49.000]在这里你不仅只得到一个汉堡，你还会被穿着护士服和有点可疑护士装的人欢迎。 [20:57.000]sat down and after you've eaten the quadruple bypass burger it gets a little spanking if you'd like to have that. [20:57.000]坐下来，吃完四重汉堡后，如果你愿意的话，人们就能得到几下拍屁股的享受。（译注：可能是在描述一种顾客可以选择的额外的、有趣的体验，这与餐厅提供的非传统和戏剧性的汉堡体验相符合。在某些餐饮体验中，"spanking"用作一种营销手段，通常与轻微的戏谑或幽默相关联，用以吸引顾客的注意力。餐厅员工对食物（如汉堡）进行的一种象征性的、带有性暗示的轻打动作，作为一种表演或服务的一部分。这种动作可能伴随着一些夸张的表演，目的是为顾客提供一种独特且难忘的体验。） [21:03.000]So there's something very dodgy about this. And indeed it seemed these burgers had worked out. [21:03.000]所以事儿可就有点可疑了。事实上，这些汉堡似乎已经起作用了。 [21:09.000]One customer after eating the quadruple bypass did indeed have a heart attack on the premises. [21:09.000]一位顾客在吃了四重汉堡后确实在场内心脏病发作了。 [21:16.000]So there seems to be some sort of reaction here. Another example is the fat pride movement. [21:16.000]所以这里似乎有一些反馈。另一个例子是脂肪自豪运动。（译注：作为一个社会运动，旨在结束对肥胖人群的社会污名和歧视，并提升他们的自我尊重和集体自尊。这个运动认为，肥胖人士应得到与其他人群同等的尊重和权利，反对因体重而产生的偏见和不平等待遇。起源于20世纪60年代，其第一次政治活动是在中央公园举行的抗议体重歧视的集会。1969年，活动家们创建了“全国促进肥胖接受协会”（The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance，简称NAAFA），该组织致力于保护肥胖人群的权利并改善他们的生活质量，包括在政治、商业和媒体领域进行游说以促成变革） [21:21.000]So a rise in movement in the US is to say, well, various other minority groups have gained a sense of self-respect and all these kind of things. [21:21.000]所以在美国，该运动的兴起可以说是，各种其他少数群体获得了自尊感以及诸如此类的东西。（译注接上：肥胖自豪运动也被认为是身体积极性运动（Body Positivity Movement）的一部分，但更具体地解决肥胖人群所面临的社会污名和歧视问题，这些问题是身体积极性运动未能充分承认的。此外成员们还努力争取在教育、医疗保健、法律系统等领域减少对肥胖人群的歧视，他们倡导对所有肥胖人群的去污名化和公平对待。运动并不是鼓励肥胖或忽视健康问题，而是主张肥胖人士应有权过上有尊严的生活，无论他们的体型如何。这个运动还强调，对肥胖人群的尊重和接受不应基于他们的健康状况，而是基于他们作为人的固有价值和权利） [21:30.000]So too, there are people who are overweight who deserve this. So there's a huge fat pride movement in the US. [21:30.000]同样地，也有超重的人应该得到这种尊重。因此在美国有一个庞大的胖人自豪运动。 [21:36.000]Another example of this, and actually this is quite sort of prevalent, we don't talk about this in the book, [21:36.000]另一个例子，实际上这相当普遍，我们在书中没有讨论这个问题， [21:41.000]but I think important is various music movements like emo's, black metal, all of these kind of things, which central to this aesthetic, [21:41.000]但我认为重要的是各种音乐运动，比如情绪摇滚、黑金属，所有这些类型的东西，这些在美学上， [21:48.000]or goths, seems to be a kind of a celebration of unhappiness and unhealthiness in some ways. [21:48.000]或者哥特风格，似乎在某种程度上是对不快乐和不健康的一种庆祝。 [21:54.000]So there seems to be a kind of a reaction to it. I was also going to show you one other anti-wellness movement which we looked at, [21:54.000]所以似乎也有一种呼应。我还打算向你们展示我们研究的另一个反健康运动， [22:01.000]which is the male bareback movement. It's basically a group of men who have unprotected sex, [22:01.000]那就是男性无保护的性运动。这基本上是一群进行无保护性行为的男性。（译注："Bareback"这个词在性健康和性行为的语境中，通常是指不使用避孕套的性行为，尤其是在男同性恋者之间。这个术语有时也被用来描述一种性行为的偏好或身份，有时甚至与寻求通过性行为感染HIV的个体相关联，尽管这种行为在医学和伦理上都受到广泛批评。譬如，无保护性行为都增加了性传播感染（STIs）和HIV传播的风险。公共卫生专家和性健康倡导者通常强调安全性行为的重要性，包括使用避孕套来减少这些风险。） [22:06.000]sometimes with the desire to get the HIV/AIDS virus, because that sort of intensifies these sexual experiences. [22:06.000]有时甚至希望感染HIV/AIDS病毒，因为这样能增强性体验的强度。 [22:12.000]I couldn't show you the images, I'm sorry. So that seems to be about seeking out profoundly unhealthy behaviour. [22:12.000]抱歉，我可不能给你看那些图片。所以这似乎是在寻找极其不健康的行为。 [22:22.000]So are these unwellness movements, what do they mean, how do they work, do they liberate us from wellness? [22:22.000]那么这些不健康运动，它们意味着什么，它们是如何运作的，它们能让我们从健康中解放出来吗？ [22:30.000]Should we all go and buy a quadruple bypass burger? These are saying, well, perhaps not, right? [22:30.000]我们是否都应该去买一个四层汉堡？这些话似乎是在说，好吧，也许不是，对吧？ [22:37.000]And if you look, one of the reasons for it is that many ways are probably going to make our life more difficult and worse in some ways, [22:37.000]如果你看看，其中一个原因是，许多方式可能会让我们的生活在某些方面变得更加困难和糟糕， [22:43.000]but if you look at any of these unwellness movements, actually deep at the heart of them is still this wellness agenda. [22:43.000]但如果你看看这些不健康运动，实际上在它们的核心深处仍然是这个健康议程。 [22:49.000]So if you go to a fat pride conference or look at the agenda, about two thirds of their events are around something [22:49.000]所以如果你去参加一个胖人自豪感会议或者看看议程，他们大约三分之二的活动都是围绕一些 [22:57.000]which you could have any wellbeing or wellness trainer would know very well. Swimming, exercise, sex, [22:57.000]任何一个健康或健康教练都会非常了解的事情。游泳、运动、性， [23:04.000]all sorts of these kind of lifestyle issues and how to maintain your wellness. [23:04.000]各种这类生活方式问题以及如何保持你的健康。 [23:08.000]If you look at the fat pride blogs, they talk about how busy and active they are, emphasise how happy they are, [23:08.000]如果你看看胖人博客，他们会谈论他们有多忙碌和活跃，强调他们有多快乐， [23:15.000]using a kind of language of wellness to talk about their lives. So it seems that this wellness agenda has sort of influenced [23:15.000]使用一种健康的语言来谈论他们的生活。所以看来这种健康议程已经影响了 [23:21.000]even these groups who are trying to rebel against it. Perhaps the most intensive example of this we'd come across, [23:21.000]甚至这些试图反抗它的群体。我们遇到最集中的例子， [23:28.000]or perhaps a ridiculous example, is the so-called health goth movement, which is now widespread in New York [23:28.000]或者也许是一个荒谬的例子，就是现在在纽约广泛传播的所谓健康哥特运动（译注：一种亚文化趋势，它结合了哥特（goth）风格和健康意识。这种运动起初是在社交媒体上作为一个玩笑开始的，但随后发展成为一个具有自己独特身份和风格的运动。最初由音乐家Mike Grabarek和Jeremy Scott在Facebook上发起，他们将这种风格描述为集合了街头哥特、互联网元素、服装恋物视频等已经存在的风格和心态。这种运动以其独特的美学而闻名，包括单色运动装、未来主义设计、生物科技元素、极端清洁感以及渲染环境。尽管 名称中包含"健康"，但根据该运动的创始人之一Chris Cantino的说法，健康生活和锻炼最初并不是这个文化运动的核心部分。然而，由于其具有某种运动美学，许多人采纳了这一概念并将其发扬光大） [23:36.000]and coming to a town near you probably, where there's gym routines for goths and particular music. [23:36.000]可能很快就会来到你附近的城镇，那里有哥特人的健身计划和特定的音乐。（译注接上：运动强调的是自我关怀，包括心理和身体健康。它鼓励人们采取健康的生活方式，同时保持个性和独立性。随着健康哥特风格的流行，一些人开始将其商业化，将其与健身服装和哥特文化结合，甚至销售相关服饰。但这种商业化的做法有时会与原始的美学概念相混淆，导致一些媒体和公众对健康哥特的真正含义产生误解。健康哥特运动在一些主流媒体中被报道，并引起了广泛的关注和讨论。然而，这种关注有时会带来对运动本质的误解，将其简化为穿着黑色运动装备的哥特式健身，而忽略了其更深层次的文化和美学元素。运动也被看作是对传统哥特文化的颠覆，它通过结合健康和健身的概念，为年轻人提供了一种新的自我表达方式） [23:41.000]There's a whole health wear brand which have been released around goths. So you've got these two things. [23:41.000]有一个整个健康服装品牌已经围绕哥特人发布。所以你能看到这两个角度。 [23:46.000]One, a culture which celebrated being unhealthy, and on the other hand, this kind of gym culture coming together. [23:46.000]一方面，一种庆祝不健康文化的文化，另一方面，这种健身文化结合在一起。 [23:52.000]So it seems that finding your way outside of the wellness syndrome is a very difficult thing. [23:52.000]所以看来，摆脱健康综合征找到自己的路是一件非常困难的事情。 [23:57.000]So again, we were faced with this question once again, what is to be done? And in the book we don't really answer this question, [23:57.000]所以再次，我们面临这个问题，该怎么办？在书中我们并没有真正回答这个问题， [24:03.000]but I'll give you kind of my response very briefly. And I think it's this. It's just about, let's imagine [24:03.000]但我会非常简短地给出我的回答。我认为就是这样。让我们想象一下， [24:10.000]stopping logging your life and start to actually live it. Stop counting the steps that you're actually taking when you go for a walk and just walk. [24:10.000]停止记录你的生活，开始真正地生活。当你去散步时，不要再计算你实际走了多少步，就只是散步。 [24:17.000]Stop planning your diet very, very carefully and just eat. Stop worrying about logging your emotions on your app and just live. [24:17.000]停止非常非常...非常仔细地计划你的饮食，只是去吃。停止担心在你的应用程序上记录你的情绪，只是去生活就够了。 [24:26.000]So the point we're trying to make here is that all of these kind of wellness enhancement activities take up an enormous amount of time [24:26.000]所以我们想表达的意思是，所有这些健康增强活动占据了我们大量的时间 [24:34.000]and psychic effort in our place. If we're able to put those to one side, then perhaps we create some time in our lives [24:34.000]和精神努力。如果我们能够把这些放在一边，那么或许我们就能在生活中创造出一些时间 [24:42.000]which are already overburdened to do the things which we actually know make us happy, like have meaningful relationships with people, [24:42.000]而我们的生活本已负担重重，原本可以用这些时间去做一些我们真正知道会让自己快乐的事情，比如与人建立有意义的关系 [24:50.000]socialise, do our work in a way which is understood with mandatory meditations or other kinds of things, and visit the sauna every now and then. [24:50.000]比如社交，以一种被理解的方式做我们的工作，比如必要的冥想或其他类的事情，偶尔去蒸个桑拿什么的。 [25:00.000]So if there's any normative claim I guess is that let's just stop logging our life and start to live it. So thank you. [25:00.000]所以如果说有什么任何规范的说法，我猜就是，我们不再记录我们的生活，而要开始真正地生活。谢谢。 [25:08.000][Applause] [25:08.000][掌声]【翻译：大魔王的快乐】 特别说明：本文仅供学习交流，如有不妥欢迎后台联系小编。 - END - 来源：youtube作者：卡尔·塞德斯特伦 译者：大魔王的快乐 医疗3 访谈5 健康3 精神分析32 医疗 · 目录 素材来源官方媒体/网络新闻 阅读原文 文章已于2024-04-30修改