阿伦特引用的那个中国人是谁?
1973年10月阿伦特接受了罗杰·埃雷拉(Roger Errera)的电视采访。埃雷拉用法语提问,阿伦特用英语回答(本书169页起)。在其中一个回答中,阿伦特谈到了她对总体主义(totalitarianism)的定义,根据HannahArendt.Net提供的文本(https://www.hannaharendt.net/index.php/han/article/view/190),我们可以看到她的原话:
First of all a totalitarian dictatorship is neither a simple dictatorship nor a simple tyranny. One of the main characteristics...When I analyzed a totalitarian government, I tried to analyze it as a new form of government that wasn't known before, and therefore I tried to enumerate its main characteristics. Among these, I would just like to remind you of one characteristic which is entirely absent from all tyrannies today, and that is the role of the innocent, the innocent victim. Under Stalin you didn't have to do anything in order to be deported or in order to be killed. You were given the role according to the dynamism of history and you had to play this role no matter what you did. With respect to this, no government before has killed people for saying yes. Usually a government kills people or tyrants kill people for saying no. Now, I was reminded by a friend that something very similar has been said by some Chinese many centuries ago, namely that men who have the impertinence to approve are no better than the disobedients who oppose. And this of course is the quintessential sign of totalitarianism, in that there is a total domination of men by men. Now, in this sense there is no totalitarianism today, even in Russia which has one of the worst tyrannies which we ever knew. Even in Russia you have got to do something in order to be sent away into exile, or forced labor camp, or into a psychiatric ward of a hospital.
阿伦特这里主要说的是,总体主义不同于一般暴政的地方在于,它不仅要杀说不的人,还要杀说是的人(因为总体主义运动的缘故)。接着阿伦特引用了some Chinese的话:那些胆敢表示同意的人(意思是你也配表达同意?)并没有比那些表示反对的人好到哪里去(所以都得惩罚)。译者不知什么原因把some Chinese隐去了(是因为德文版里没有吗?),但是我的好奇心被引起了。Gemini认为这位Chinese可能是商鞅:
“秦民初言令不便者有来言令便者,卫鞅曰:‘此皆乱化之民也’,尽迁之于边城。其后民莫敢议令。”《史记·商君列传》
我觉得阿伦特在这里的引用并不十分恰当。总体主义的运动逻辑会把服从者也卷入,让其扮演由运动所指定的角色(反动派、特务、资产阶级等等),但这句引言还没到这个程度,只是要惩罚所有胆敢发表意见的人,不管他们说是还是不。
但是这句引言的确很接近Gemini的猜测。不知是否有熟悉中国古典的朋友能给出其他答案?