书中事件的索引，来自中英维基；兼论美国内战的问题
这篇书评可能有关键情节透露
林达的书虽好，却跟所有其他天朝的“介绍外国”书一样，给译名却不给原名，给事件却不列索引，对读者这么残忍，情何以堪，特列出我的索引。
American Civil War 美国内战，南北战争
Rodney King 罗德尼·金
1992 Los Angeles Riots 洛杉矶暴动
Quaker 教友派
惨无人道的奴隶制
《美国宪法》中向南方妥协的条款
第一款第二条
[Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the
several States which maybe included within this Union, according to
their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the
whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a
Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all
other Persons.]
第一款 第九条
Section. 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of
the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be
prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight
hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such
Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
第四款 第二条
Section. 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime,
who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on
Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled,
be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of
the Crime.
[No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or
Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but
shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or
Labour may be due.]
斯皮尔伯格的 Amistad，中文译名一般叫“勇者无惧”，豆瓣上有。
Amistad案
John Quincy Adams 约翰·昆西·亚当斯
Martin Van Buren 凡布伦总统
Abolistionists 废奴主义者
Prigg 就 Margaret Morgan 逃奴案诉 宾州，即普里格案
其中斯特里法官的著名判词：
As to the authority so conferred upon state magistrates [to deal with runaway slaves],while a difference of opinion has existed, and may exist still on the point, in different states,whether state magistrates are bound to act under it;none is entertained by this Court that state magistrates may, if they choose, exercise that authority,unless prohibited by state legislation
最后这句话直接导致北方州立法“不作为”，不抓逃奴。
斯科特诉桑福德案， Scott V. Sanford
美国殖民协会（美国帮助有色人种重获自由协会） American Colonization Society
罗伯特·李将军 Robert E. Lee
解放黑人奴隶宣言 Emancipation Proclamation
安德烈·杰克逊总统 Andrew Jackson
阿灵顿国家公墓 Arlington National Cemetery
3K 党 Ku Klux Klan
布莱西对弗格森案 “平等而隔离之辩” Plessy v. Ferguson
Martin luther King 马丁路德金博士
Rosa Parks 罗莎·帕克斯
布朗案 Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka
入坐， Sit-in
马尔康·X Malcolm X
詹姆斯·迈瑞迪斯 James Meredith
罗斯本内特州长 Ross Barnett
肯尼迪兄弟：R. Kennedy，J.F Kennedy、
Lydon Johnson 林登·约翰逊 争民权，陷于越战的杯具总统
乔治·沃利斯州长 George Wallace
夏季自由计划Freedom Summer
1964民权法案 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964
死于密西西比的三位志愿者不朽：
The murders of James Chaney, a 21-year-old black man from Meridian, Mississippi; Andrew Goodman, a 20-year-old white Jewish anthropology student from New York; and Michael Schwerner, a 24-year-old white Jewish CORE organizer and former social worker also from New York, symbolized the risks of participating in the Civil Rights Movement in the South during what became known as “Freedom Summer“, dedicated to voter registration.
无辜的培尼 Lemuel Penn
私刑 lynching
平权法案 Affirmative Action
首先讲南北战争的问题。从历史经验来看，到今天没人能否认奴隶制的不合法与反人权的属性，这里面正邪分明；连土生土长的德州人+共和党人小布什，也敬佩林肯打"moral war"的勇气与正义感，此其一。
从历史现实来讲：1. 州有没有脱离联邦的权利？理论上当然有， 现实中也有魁北克等几乎成功之例。但是最最起码，得有公投，不能州长州议会说了算：在南方脱离联邦的例子里，全部黑人都处于无公民权无投票权的状态，从自然法角度来讲（因为并没有别的双方一致认同的法律对这一议题有约束），这本身就剥夺了其任何“独立”的合法性。再说，今天来看，南方脱离的原因是为了独立自由的理想吗？其实是自知理亏而要逃离美利坚合众国的这个“人人生而平等”的框架以外。
2. 即便在定义州与州为国与国关系的前提下，即便这次战争是“道德战争”，那么这里头的正义在谁今天来看也非常明白。人权高于主权，以法律条文的形式非法化对一个人群的奴役的政权是根本没有合法性的，美国宪法与其解释中说：“The phrase "We the People" indicates that the government of the United States "is, emphatically and truly, a government of the people," rather than a league of the states.:这也是内战/战后非暴力抗争的道德基础。这一点，从南方自己穷途末路时也要废除奴隶制就看的一清二楚。此其二。
题外话：这就好比堕胎的问题一样，如果你判断胎儿也是个生命，那么这根本不是母亲的选择权问题，而是胎儿的生命权问题。没有“我选择谋杀我的孩子，你不得干涉”的道理。（前提是你认为胎儿是生命）。
American Civil War 美国内战，南北战争
Rodney King 罗德尼·金
1992 Los Angeles Riots 洛杉矶暴动
Quaker 教友派
惨无人道的奴隶制
《美国宪法》中向南方妥协的条款
第一款第二条
[Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the
several States which maybe included within this Union, according to
their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the
whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a
Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all
other Persons.]
第一款 第九条
Section. 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of
the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be
prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight
hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such
Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
第四款 第二条
Section. 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime,
who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on
Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled,
be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of
the Crime.
[No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or
Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but
shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or
Labour may be due.]
斯皮尔伯格的 Amistad，中文译名一般叫“勇者无惧”，豆瓣上有。
Amistad案
John Quincy Adams 约翰·昆西·亚当斯
Martin Van Buren 凡布伦总统
Abolistionists 废奴主义者
Prigg 就 Margaret Morgan 逃奴案诉 宾州，即普里格案
其中斯特里法官的著名判词：
As to the authority so conferred upon state magistrates [to deal with runaway slaves],while a difference of opinion has existed, and may exist still on the point, in different states,whether state magistrates are bound to act under it;none is entertained by this Court that state magistrates may, if they choose, exercise that authority,unless prohibited by state legislation
最后这句话直接导致北方州立法“不作为”，不抓逃奴。
斯科特诉桑福德案， Scott V. Sanford
美国殖民协会（美国帮助有色人种重获自由协会） American Colonization Society
罗伯特·李将军 Robert E. Lee
解放黑人奴隶宣言 Emancipation Proclamation
安德烈·杰克逊总统 Andrew Jackson
阿灵顿国家公墓 Arlington National Cemetery
3K 党 Ku Klux Klan
布莱西对弗格森案 “平等而隔离之辩” Plessy v. Ferguson
Martin luther King 马丁路德金博士
Rosa Parks 罗莎·帕克斯
布朗案 Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka
入坐， Sit-in
马尔康·X Malcolm X
詹姆斯·迈瑞迪斯 James Meredith
罗斯本内特州长 Ross Barnett
肯尼迪兄弟：R. Kennedy，J.F Kennedy、
Lydon Johnson 林登·约翰逊 争民权，陷于越战的杯具总统
乔治·沃利斯州长 George Wallace
夏季自由计划Freedom Summer
1964民权法案 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964
死于密西西比的三位志愿者不朽：
The murders of James Chaney, a 21-year-old black man from Meridian, Mississippi; Andrew Goodman, a 20-year-old white Jewish anthropology student from New York; and Michael Schwerner, a 24-year-old white Jewish CORE organizer and former social worker also from New York, symbolized the risks of participating in the Civil Rights Movement in the South during what became known as “Freedom Summer“, dedicated to voter registration.
无辜的培尼 Lemuel Penn
私刑 lynching
平权法案 Affirmative Action
首先讲南北战争的问题。从历史经验来看，到今天没人能否认奴隶制的不合法与反人权的属性，这里面正邪分明；连土生土长的德州人+共和党人小布什，也敬佩林肯打"moral war"的勇气与正义感，此其一。
从历史现实来讲：1. 州有没有脱离联邦的权利？理论上当然有， 现实中也有魁北克等几乎成功之例。但是最最起码，得有公投，不能州长州议会说了算：在南方脱离联邦的例子里，全部黑人都处于无公民权无投票权的状态，从自然法角度来讲（因为并没有别的双方一致认同的法律对这一议题有约束），这本身就剥夺了其任何“独立”的合法性。再说，今天来看，南方脱离的原因是为了独立自由的理想吗？其实是自知理亏而要逃离美利坚合众国的这个“人人生而平等”的框架以外。
2. 即便在定义州与州为国与国关系的前提下，即便这次战争是“道德战争”，那么这里头的正义在谁今天来看也非常明白。人权高于主权，以法律条文的形式非法化对一个人群的奴役的政权是根本没有合法性的，美国宪法与其解释中说：“The phrase "We the People" indicates that the government of the United States "is, emphatically and truly, a government of the people," rather than a league of the states.:这也是内战/战后非暴力抗争的道德基础。这一点，从南方自己穷途末路时也要废除奴隶制就看的一清二楚。此其二。
题外话：这就好比堕胎的问题一样，如果你判断胎儿也是个生命，那么这根本不是母亲的选择权问题，而是胎儿的生命权问题。没有“我选择谋杀我的孩子，你不得干涉”的道理。（前提是你认为胎儿是生命）。
