1. The fact of language change
1.1 Boris Becker's observation
1.2 English then and now
1.3 Attitudes to language change
1.4 The inevitability of change
2. Lexical and semantic change
2.1 Borrowing
2.2 Phonological treatment of loans
2.3 Morphological treatment of loans
2.4 Formation of new words
2.5 Change in word-meaning
3. Phonological change Ⅰ: Change in pronunciation
3.1 The phonetic basis of phonological change
3.2 Assimilation and dissimilation
3.3 Lenition and fortition
3.4 Additional and removal of phonetic features
3.5 Vowels and syllable structure
3.6 Whole-segment process
3.7 The regularity issue: a first look
3.8 Summary
4. Phonological change Ⅱ: Change in phonological systems
4.1 Conditioning and rephonologization
4.2 Phonological space
4.3 Chain shifts
4.4 Phonological change as rule change
4.5 Summary
5. Morphological change
5.1 Reanalysis
5.2 Analogy and levelling
5.3 Universal principles of analogy
5.4 Morphologization
5.5 Morphologization of phonological rules
5.6 Change in morphological type
6. Syntactic change
6.1 Reanalysis of surface structure
6.2 Shift of markedness
6.3 Grammaticalization
6.4 Typological harrmony
6.5 Case study: the rise of ergativity
6.6 Syntactic change as restructuring of grammars
7. Relatedness between languages
7.1 The origin of dialects
7.2 Dialect geography
7.3 Genetic Relationships
7.4 Tree model and wave model
7.5 The language families of the world
8. The comparative method
8.1 Systematic correspondences
8.2 Comparative reconstruction
8.3 Pitfalls and limitations
8.4 The Neogrammarian Hypothesis
8.5 Semantic reconstruction
8.6 The use of typology and universals
8.7 Reconstructing grammar
8.8 The reality of proto-languages
9. Internal reconstruction
9.1 A first look at the internal method
9.2 Alternations and internal reconstruction
9.3 Case study: the laryngeal theory of PIE
9.4 Internal reconstruction of grammar and lexicon
10. The origin and propagation of change
10.1 The Saussurean paradox
10.2 Variation and social stratification
10.3 Variation as the vehicle of change
10.4 Lexical diffusion
10.5 Near-merger
10.6 A closing note
11. Contact and the birth and death of language
11.1 Language contact
11.2 Linguistic areas
11.3 Language birth: pidgins and creoles
11.4 Language death
11.5 Language planning
12. Language and prehistory
12.1 Etymology
12.2 Place names
12.3 Linguistic paleontology
12.4 Links with archaeology
12.5 Statistical methods
13. Very remote relations
13.1 The mainstream view
13.2 A brief history of remote proposal
13.3 The Nostratic hypothesis
13.4 Greenberg’s multilateral comparisons
13.5 Towards an evaluation of macro-families
13.6 Towards Proto-World?
13.7 The early spread of people and languages
13.8 Worldwide loan word?
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11 有用 Xavierum 2021-07-27 09:57:21
语学界有两个分支最本质,一个是历史语言学,一个是语言类型学。前者跨越时间,后者跨越空间,共同照见语言真相的四维。很多人不考虑语言的变化和差异,用某种理论框架分析某一语言失败,大惊小怪。或是狭隘对比两种语言,片面夸大两者之间的差异,无聊地两极化。其实如果用全球视野考察语言古今,你会发现很多问题都不是问题,你会明白其实很多「不规则」简直合理到不能。(2012-03-07)
1 有用 FrancescaLy 2021-12-08 17:07:06
经典的Historical Linguistics教材,很多学校的历史语言学都用这个做教材,可读性很强,拿来做light reading也行~Trask是研究巴斯克语的,这里面有很多巴斯克语例子。每个章节结束后都有一个短的case study,phonological change II后面讲Grimm's Law,syntactic change后面讲ergativity,蛮有意思的~
1 有用 FrancescaLy 2021-12-08 17:07:06
经典的Historical Linguistics教材,很多学校的历史语言学都用这个做教材,可读性很强,拿来做light reading也行~Trask是研究巴斯克语的,这里面有很多巴斯克语例子。每个章节结束后都有一个短的case study,phonological change II后面讲Grimm's Law,syntactic change后面讲ergativity,蛮有意思的~
11 有用 Xavierum 2021-07-27 09:57:21
语学界有两个分支最本质,一个是历史语言学,一个是语言类型学。前者跨越时间,后者跨越空间,共同照见语言真相的四维。很多人不考虑语言的变化和差异,用某种理论框架分析某一语言失败,大惊小怪。或是狭隘对比两种语言,片面夸大两者之间的差异,无聊地两极化。其实如果用全球视野考察语言古今,你会发现很多问题都不是问题,你会明白其实很多「不规则」简直合理到不能。(2012-03-07)