性欲三论

一、性倒错 双性理论 人们普遍认为人非男即女，然而科学却发现了一些特征模糊的例子，因此很难确定这些人的性别。这种情况首先出现在解剖学的领域。这些人的生殖器官把男性特征和女性特征结合在一起（这种情况被称作阴阳人）…… 这些异常情况的重要性在于，它们出乎意料地有助于我们理解正常的发育。在解剖学方面出现一定程度的阴阳同体似乎是正常的。在每个正常发育的男人或者女人身上，都可以发现异性性器官的痕迹…… 这……使我们认为，在进化的过程中，原来双性的肉体构造逐渐演变为单性的，没有发育的那个性别则只留下一些残迹。 这就诱使我们把这种假设扩展到心理领域…… 可是这一期望落空了，无法证明假设的生理性阴阳人与已经证实的解剖学上的阴阳同体之间有如此密切的联系。在性倒错者身上经常可以看到性本能从整体上减弱，而且性器官在解剖学上有轻微的缺陷。是经常，而不是通常或者总是。因此我们必须承认一个事实，即性倒错和生理性阴阳人是互不相干的两回事。

(A) INVERSION BISEXUALITY It is popularly believed that a human being is either a man or a woman. Science, however, knows of cases in which the sexual characters are obscured, and in which it is consequently difficult to determine the sex. This arises in the first instance in the field of anatomy. The genitals of the individuals concerned combine male and female characteristics. (This condition is known as hermaphroditism.) …… The importance of these abnormalities lies in the unexpected fact that they facilitate our understanding of normal development. For it appears that a certain degree of anatomical hermaphroditism occurs normally. In every normal male or female individual, traces are found of the apparatus of the opposite sex.…… These …… lead us to suppose that an originally bisexual physical disposition has, in the course of evolution, become modified into a unisexual one, leaving behind only a few traces of the sex that has become atrophied. It was tempting to extend this hypothesis to the mental sphere and to explain inversion in all its varieties as the expression of a psychical hermaphroditism. …… But this expectation was disappointed. It is impossible to demonstrate so close a connection between the hypothetical psychical hermaphroditism and the established anatomical one. A general lowering of the sexual instinct and a slight anatomical atrophy of the organs is found frequently in inverts. Frequently, but by no means regularly or even usually. The truth must therefore be recognized that inversion and somatic hermaphroditism are on the whole independent of each other.

-1470

心理学已发现产生性倒错的心理机制：

精神分析认为应把同性恋者与其他人放在一起研究，通过那些没有明确表现出来的性兴奋发现，所有的人都能做出同性的帝乡选择，而且在无意识中也都做过这样的选择。

对于影响对象选择的偶然因素，特别值得注意的是“挫折”现象——由于恐惧，早期对性活动的制止作用。另外，父母的存在也起到重要的作用

费伦齐认为，应该严格区分两种类型： 1,、“主体同性淫者”（他们的感受和行为都像女性）——小受 2、“对象同性淫者”（他们完全是男子汉，只不过把女性性对象换成了男性）——小攻

……在这里，我要引入两个术语。我们把那些散发出性的诱惑力的人称为性对象，而把性本能趋向的行动称为性目标。 结论 ……我们习惯于认为性本能和性对象之间的联系比实际上更紧密。我们遇到过的所谓不正常的例子表明，在这些人身上，性本能和性目标仅仅是被我们人为地联系在一起——我们很容易忽视这一点，因为在正常人身上，性本能和性对象是统一的，对象似乎成了本能的一部分。因此，我们应该提醒自己，把我们想象中的本能和对象之间的纽带放松一些。看起来，性本能本身很可能是独立于其对象的；它的起源也不可能是由于其对象的吸引力。

I shall at this point introduce two technical terms. Let up call the person from whom sexual attraction proceeds the sexual object and the act towards which the instinct tends the sexual aim. CONCLUSION It has been brought to our notice that we have been in the habit of regarding the connection between the sexual instinct and the sexual object as more intimate than it in fact is. Experience of the cases that are considered abnormal has shown us that in them the sexual instinct and the sexual object are merely soldered together - a fact which we have been in danger of overlooking in consequence of the uniformity of the normal picture, where the object appears to form part and parcel of the instinct. We are thus warned to loosen the bond that exists in our thoughts between instinct and object. It seems probable that the sexual instinct is in the first instance independent of its object; nor is its origin likely to be due to its object’s attractions.

-P1474

一、解剖学上的扩展 肛门的性用途 当我们考虑到肛门时，我们就会看得更清楚，正是因为厌恶感才把这种性目标视作性变态现象。有些人说这个器官恶心，是因为它服务于排便的功能并接触到大便——一种本身就令人恶心的东西，但是我要说，他们的说法并不比歇斯底里的女孩因为男性生殖器官有排尿的功能就说它恶心高明多少。 让肛门粘膜起到性的作用并不限于男性间的性交：对它的喜好也绝不是一种性倒错的感受……

Where the anus is concerned it becomes still clearer that it is disgust which stamps that sexual aim as a perversion. I hope, however, I shall not be accused of partisanship when I assert that people who try to account for this disgust by saying that the organ in question serves the function of excretion and comes in contact with excrement - a thing which is disgusting in itself - are not much more to the point than hysterical girls who account for their disgust at the male genital by saying that it serves to void urine. The playing of a sexual part by the mucous membrane of the anus is by no means limited to intercourse between men: preference for it is in no way characteristic of inverted feeling.

-P1479