这一页有一段罗尔斯把自己的工作和弗雷格与康托的工作类比。这一段我没有见到二手文献讨论过。罗尔斯自己的讨论,始于对直觉主义和功利主义的批评,而前者显然对应于数学中的直觉主义。功利主义的对应物可以考虑一下,也许功利主义对应着计算,人就是一台计算功利的机器。无论如何,哥德尔不完全性定理很可能是罗尔斯思考的背景。 The problem of meaning and truth in logic and mathematics is profoundly altered by the dis...
They strive for as high an absolute score as possible. They do not wish a high or a low score for their opponents, not do they seek to maximize or minimize the difference between their successes and those of others. The idea of a game does not really apply, since the parties are not concerned to win but to get as many points as possible judged by their own system of ends.
In view of these remarks we may reject the contention that the ordering of institutions is always defective because the distribution of natural talents and the contingencies of social circumstance are unjust, and this injustice must inevitably carry over to human arrangements. Occasionally this reflection is offered as an excuse for ignoring injustice, as if the refusal to acquiesce in injustic...
什么是“partial complince”? "Following John Rawls, nonideal theory is typically divided into: (1) “partial compliance theory” and (2) “transitional theory." The former is concerned with those circumstances in which individuals and political regimes do not fully comply with the requirements of justice, such as when people break the law or some individuals do not do their fair share within a ...
<原文开始>/A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue;likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override.每个人都有不可侵犯的权力,即使整个社会的福利都不可以撼...
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