Recent research has also shown that the export of opium grown in the base area was quietly permitted to flourish. The border regions survived and even grew. By 1945 their population had reached nearly 100 million. Mao's policies after 1949 often reflected nostalgia for the successful mass mobilization policies of this era. (查看原文)
For many Chinese intellectuals, Yan'an under Mao came to symbolize a modest utopia. They saw it as a revolutionary society free from corruption and from the restrictions the traditional family imposed on the individual, offering effective opposition to the Japanese and hope for a new China. (查看原文)
Unbelievably, in this short war, the Chinese suffered almost one million casualties. Participation cost China dear in other ways. ````````China's expenditure on the war was US$10 billion. The Chinese were disappointed that the Soviet Union did not provide the air support they had expected and resentful at having to pay the USSR for military supplies when they felt they fighting on behalf of the whole socialist camp. (查看原文)
In the end, a much tougher policy prevailed under which almost half China's cultivated acreage was redistributed. Class struggle was emphasized in land reform, old scores were settled, and there was considerable violence. It has been estimated that between one and two million landlords were killed. (查看原文)
The Great Leap was characterized by an extreme anti-expert bias. It was better to be 'red' than 'expert', and engineers who protested that production targets were impractical or mentioned the technical limitations of machinery could find themselves accused of counter-revolutionary behaviour. (查看原文)
In retrospect, this new elevation of Mao may be seen as a response to Khrushchev's fall and to Mao's concern about opposition to his ideas among his colleagues. (查看原文)
Stalin's fate made it clear that a leader's legacy could be rejected once he was dead, but Khrushchev's overthrow in 1964 showed that this could happen to a living leader. (查看原文)
Mao was not yet willing to abandon the radical Red Guard groups. When some old veterans in the Politburo, led by Marshal 葉劍英，were emboldened enough by Mao's rejection of the Shanghai commune initiative to condemn the takeovers and the attacks on senior revolutionaries, Mao summoned them for midnight telling off and once more threatened to start a new guerrilla war. (查看原文)
For company, he was more than ever dependent on his bodyguards, his medical team, and the attractive young women who was as secretaries, nurses, and attendants supplied him with care and sexual services in his final years. (查看原文)
The incident had illustrated that the control of the armed forces was, in a very real sense, in the hands of his heir. And Mao had observed long before, 'Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.' (查看原文)
陳雲： Had Mao died in 1956, there would be no doubt that he was a great leader of the Chinese people`````````Had he died in 1966, his meritorious achievements would have been somewhat tarnished, but his overall record still very good. Since he actually died in 1976, there is nothing we can do. (查看原文)
Under ᥖao’s leadership China was transformed from a weak, disunited country to a power on the world stage. However, his vision for China’s social transførmation failed. He did not find a way to make China both egalitarian and prosperous and his efforts to do so visited enormous süffering on his pᥱᥝpᥣᥱ. During the Çúߊtᥔrᥑl Rᥱᕓߋᥣūtïᥝn his ruthlessness towards his õᑭᑭøñęñts or those he perceived as õᑭᑭøñęñts and his cynical exᑸlôitåtįōñ of his çult of persߋnality ultimately disillusioned many of his followers. By the time of his death, ߘ߫ao’s belief in constant clãss strûğğle and continuous rëvòߊútīóñ had become profoundly unattractive to ordinary people and the moral credibility of the Čߋᥖmᥙᥒışߙ ᑶᥑrߙy was ebbing away. His successors sought a new lêgítīmãćy for the ᥴߋᥖmᥙᥒışߙ-led state in the ... (查看原文)
The difference is that the maiority of those who died in the famine were peasants and quickly forgotten in the world outside their villages. The victims of the Cultural Revolution by contrast were educated people, intellectuals, officials and Party leaders. Their sufferings were more visible, even at the time. and a number of the survivors would later write moving memoir. (查看原文)
But the post-mao communist leadership is part of a wealthy and powerful elite whose lives are very different from those of the ordinary people. This privileged class maintains its position through its vastly superior access to resources, education. and health. The CCP still uses ideology rhetorically, to stake its claim to legitimacy, but the stunning success of the Chinese
economy and an enduring fear of turmoil (a legacy of the Cultural
Revolution)are more important to its hold on power. Society is extremely inegalitarian; corruption and nepotism are rife. Workers of the old state factories have been laid off, land is seized from the peasants for urban development with miserably inadequate compensation, young migrant workers toil for grotesquely long hours in poor conditions to produce... (查看原文)
Mao's life and his character are difficult to sum up because he was a complex man who behaved in contradictory ways. He embraced an imported modernizing ideology yet remained profoundly Chinese in his outlook. He was an idealist who produced inspirational writings but was prepared to accept suffering and death on an unimaginable scale to achieve his aims. He was a despot who proclaimed that it is right to rebel. He was an ideologue who wrote poetry. Mao
recognized the contradictory nature of his own character when he wrote he combined a kingly' disposition
demanding to dominate and suborn, with a 'monkey spiritthat urged him to run riot and throw all into disorder
Once China was unite however, they were often harmful. Mao used his immense prestige to intimidate his colleagues and get his... (查看原文)
Mao’s background was humble. He was born on 26 December 1893 to a rural family in Shaoshan village, Xiangtan county, in the southern province of Hunan. As a young man, Mao’s father had bought a little land with money he had managed to save as a soldier. Through hard work and strict economy he gradually extended his holdings and employed a farm labourer. Later he also increased the household income by money lending and trading in grain. Ironically, had the household survived to experience the communist land reform, its members would have been classified as rich peasants or possibly even landlords, and suffered accordingly. (查看原文)
作者: Delia Davin 副标题: A Very Short Introduction isbn: 019958866X 书名: Mao 页数: 144 定价: USD 11.95 出版社: Oxford University Press 装帧: Paperback 出版年: 2013-6-10
