On an Artificial Earth

The whole of modern European philosophy', wrote F.W.J. Schelling in 1809, 'has this common deficiency - that nature does not exist for it.' Despite repeated echoes of Schelling's assessment throughout the natural sciences, and despite the philosophy of nature recently proposed but not completed by Gilles Deleuze, Philosophies of Nature After Schelling argues that Schelling's ve...

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The whole of modern European philosophy', wrote F.W.J. Schelling in 1809, 'has this common deficiency - that nature does not exist for it.' Despite repeated echoes of Schelling's assessment throughout the natural sciences, and despite the philosophy of nature recently proposed but not completed by Gilles Deleuze, Philosophies of Nature After Schelling argues that Schelling's verdict remains accurate two hundred years later. Presenting a lucid account of Schelling's major works in the philosophy of nature alongside those of his scientific contemporaries who pursued and furthered that work, this book does not simply aim to present Schelling's extravagant 'speculative physics' as an historical episode. Rather, Schelling's programme is presented as a viable and necessary corrective both to the rejection of metaphysics and the correlative 'antiphysics' at the ethical heart of contemporary philosophy.

Preface vii
Acknowledgments xi
1 Why Schelling? Why Naturephilosophy? 1
1.1 Postkantian naturephilosophy 6
1.2 The nature of postkantianism 14
1.3 The history of philosophy as the comparative extensity of
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Preface vii
Acknowledgments xi
1 Why Schelling? Why Naturephilosophy? 1
1.1 Postkantian naturephilosophy 6
1.2 The nature of postkantianism 14
1.3 The history of philosophy as the comparative extensity of
philosophical systems 19
2 The Powers Due to Becoming: The Reemergence of Platonic
Physics in the Genetic Philosophy 26
2.1 Essences and appearances: The dephysicalization of great
physics 30
2.1.1 The physics of the All and the physics of all things 32
2.1.2 Matter, body and substance 34
2.1.3 Kosmos noetos 35
2.2 The becoming of Being: ‘Gene’ and dynamics in Platonic physics 40
2.3 Natural history 46
3 Antiphysics and Neo-Fichteanism 59
3.1 Late transcendental physics and philosophy: Kant and
somatism 62
3.1.1 The genetics of transcendentalism 64
3.1.2 Transcendental philosophy as relative antiphysics 66
3.1.3 Megabodies and superstrata 69
3.1.3.1 Ground and superstratum in transcendental
philosophy 70
3.1.3.2 Megabodies: Somatic aether physics 73
3.1.3.3 Dynamic aether physics 75
3.2 Metaphysics as antiphysics: Fichteanism and the number of
worlds 81
3.3 Organics as antiphysics: Fichte contra Oken 92
3.3.1 Oken’s generative history: Mathematics and the
animal 94
3.3.2 Naturephilosophy without nature: Fichte’s ‘essence of
animals’ 97
3.4 Antiphysics and the grounds of science 102
4 The Natural History of the Unthinged 119
4.1 ‘The earliest programme of German comparative zoology’ 120
4.1.1 The natural history of transcendental anatomy 122
4.1.2 Physics and the animal kingdom 126
4.1.3 Linear and non-linear usages of the theory of
recapitulation 129
4.1.3.1 Linearity 129
4.1.3.2 The genetic problem 132
4.1.3.3 Non-linearity: A new epoch in natural
history 134
4.2 The factors of parallelism: The dynamic succession of stages
in nature 138
5 ‘What thinks in me is what is outside me’: Phenomenality, Physics,
and the Idea 158
5.1 The subject of nature itself 160
5.2 The decomposition of intelligence 171
6 Dynamic Philosophy, Transcendental Physics 187
7 Conclusion: Transcendental Geology 199
Bibliography 207
Index 225
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