Boys Love Manga and Beyond

Boys Love Manga and Beyond looks at a range of literary, artistic and other cultural products that celebrate the beauty of adolescent boys and young men. In Japan, depiction of the "beautiful boy" has long been a romantic and sexualized trope for both sexes and commands a high degree of cultural visibility today across a range of genres from pop music to animation.

In recent de...

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Boys Love Manga and Beyond looks at a range of literary, artistic and other cultural products that celebrate the beauty of adolescent boys and young men. In Japan, depiction of the "beautiful boy" has long been a romantic and sexualized trope for both sexes and commands a high degree of cultural visibility today across a range of genres from pop music to animation.

In recent decades, "Boys Love" (or simply BL) has emerged as a mainstream genre in manga, anime, and games for girls and young women. This genre was first developed in Japan in the early 1970s by a group of female artists who went on to establish themselves as major figures in Japan's manga industry. By the late 1970s many amateur women fans were getting involved in the BL phenomenon by creating and self-publishing homoerotic parodies of established male manga characters and popular media figures. The popularity of these fan-made products, sold and circulated at huge conventions, has led to an increase in the number of commercial titles available. Today, a wide range of products produced both by professionals and amateurs are brought together under the general rubric of "boys love," and are rapidly gaining an audience throughout Asia and globally.

This collection provides the first comprehensive overview in English of the BL phenomenon in Japan, its history and various subgenres and introduces translations of some key Japanese scholarship not otherwise available. Some chapters detail the historical and cultural contexts that helped BL emerge as a significant part of girls' culture in Japan. Others offer important case studies of BL production, consumption, and circulation and explain why BL has become a controversial topic in contemporary Japan.

Acknowledgments vii
A Note on Japanese Names and Terminology ix
An Introduction to “Boys Love” in Japan 3
MARK McLELLAND AND JAMES WELKER
A Genealogy of Boys Love：The Gaze of the Girl and the Bishōnen Body in the Prewar Images of Takabatake Kashō 21
BARBARA HARTLEY
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Acknowledgments vii
A Note on Japanese Names and Terminology ix
An Introduction to “Boys Love” in Japan 3
MARK McLELLAND AND JAMES WELKER
A Genealogy of Boys Love：The Gaze of the Girl and the Bishōnen Body in the Prewar Images of Takabatake Kashō 21
BARBARA HARTLEY
A Brief History of Shōnen’ai, Yaoi, and Boys Love 42
JAMES WELKER
The Evolution of BL as “Playing with Gender”：Viewing the Genesis and Development of BL from a Contemporary Perspective 76
FUJIMOTO YUKARI (TRANSLATED BY JOANNE QUIMBY)
What Can We Learn from Japanese Professional BL Writers？：A Sociological Analysis of Yaoi/BL Terminology and Classifications 93
KAZUKO SUZUKI
What Is Japanese “BL Studies？”：A Historical and Analytical Overview 119
KAZUMI NAGAIKE AND TOMOKO AOYAMA
Politics of Utopia: Fantasy, Pornography, and Boys Love 141
RIO OTOMO
Moe Talk：Affective Communication among Female Fans of Yaoi in Japan 153
PATRICK W. GALBRAITH
Fujoshi Emergent：Shifting Popular Representations of Yaoi/BL Fandom in Japan 169
JEFFRY T. HESTER
Do Heterosexual Men Dream of Homosexual Men？： BL Fudanshi and Discourse on Male Feminization 189
KAZUMI NAGAIKE
Representational Appropriation and the Autonomy of Desire in Yaoi/BL 210
ISHIDA HITOSHI (TRANSLATED BY KATSUHIKO SUGANUMA)
Queering the Cooking Man：Food and Gender in Yoshinaga Fumi’s (BL) Manga 233
TOMOKO AOYAMA
Regulation of Manga Content in Japan：What Is the Future for BL？ 253
MARK McLELLAND
Works Cited 274
About the Contributors 293
Index 297
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