第130页简直狗屁不通，比机翻都差几个档次！
p89
原文：Nevertheless, it was doomed to no more than a short provincial existence, and yielded place before it had time to leave monuments which could become intelligible to a later age, thus remaining, as it is likely to continue, indecipherable
误译：然而,它只不过是边缘地带的昙花一现,在灭亡之前,它有足够的时间留下遗存,留待后人发现，但是我们无法理解它,这种情形可能还会延续下去。
更正：然而,它只不过是边缘地带的昙花一现,在没来得及留下可以让后世理解的遗迹时就已经退场，因此它可能会无法解读，这种情况会继续下去。
解析：原意是“还没来得及留下遗迹就退场了”，译文刚好理解反了
p89
原文：far to the north-east of Susa
误译：距离苏萨十分遥远的西北方
更正：距离苏萨十分遥远的东北方
解析：不解释
p91
原文：The leading members of this serried group are indicated by their figuring in the list of cities which were the seats of sovereignty before and after the Deluge, according to the Sumerian dynastic list which is to be described below—Eridu, Kish, Uruk, Ur, Adab, Larak, Sippar, Shuruppak, with several others of less note and sometimes uncertain location.
误译：这些密集排列的城市中心有其先后次序,体现为大洪水前后占据霸权的城市顺序,根据《苏美尔王表》,它们依次是——埃利都、基什、乌鲁克、乌尔、阿达布(Adab)、拉莱克(Larak)、西帕尔(Sippar)、舒鲁帕克,此外还有一些不为人知的地名,有些城市位置仍未确定。
更正：根据下面要介绍的《苏美尔王表》的名单，这些城市中的主要成员在大洪水前后的城市名单中都有体现，这些城市是主权的所在地——埃利都、基什、乌鲁克、乌尔、阿达布(Adab)、拉莱克(Larak)、西帕尔(Sippar)、舒鲁帕克，还有其他几个不太引人注目、有时位置不明的城市。
解析：原文没有“先后次序”的意思
p91
原文：Ashur was, it may be, a colony or a conquest, for it seems to have stood isolated not only from the Sumerian homeland but also from its own neighbours, since no traces of such exotic inhabitants were found in the deeply searched ruins of equally ancient settlements at Nineveh or the site now called Tepe Gawra.
误译：阿舒尔可能是殖民地或被征服地区,它似乎不仅与苏美尔地区隔绝,也与周围相邻地区隔绝,在尼尼微及新近确定的高拉(Tepe Gawra)遗址相同深度地层的考古活动中,我们均未发现非本地居民活动的证据。
更正：阿舒尔可能是殖民地或被征服地区,它似乎不仅与苏美尔地区隔绝,也与周围相邻地区隔绝,在尼尼微及泰佩伽夫拉(Tepe Gawra)遗址相同深度、深入挖掘的地层的考古活动中,我们均未发现这些异国居民活动的证据。
解析：exotic inhabitants翻译不准确
p92
原文：Susa, separated by no natural obstacle from the plain, was not a Sumerian city, but rather Elamite, and it finds no place in the dynastic list.
误译：苏萨在地理位置上与冲积平原之间没有天然屏障,但是它既非苏美尔城市,也不似埃兰城市,并且没有在王表中占据一席之地。
更正：苏萨在地理位置上与冲积平原之间没有天然屏障,但它不是苏美尔城市,而是埃兰城市,并没有在王表中占据一席之地。
解析：遇到否定就混乱
p93
原文：The gods, in particular, were depicted as wearing an attire which, in most respects, had once been that of men, and was retained for these awesome shapes after it had become obsolete for their worshippers
误译：特别是神祇的服饰大多原本就是人类的穿戴,在崇拜者世界过时后,成为神界令人敬而远之的样式。
更正：特别是神祇的服饰大多原本就是人类的穿戴,在对崇拜者来说已经过时后,这些令人敬畏的样式被保留下来。
解析：原文没有“敬而远之”的意思
p96
原文：What the amphibians taught may perhaps be inferred from the curious Sumerian myth already mentioned, which gives a detailed list of the cultural elements carried off from Eridu by a goddess who needed them to make her own city flourish.
误译：我们可以根据上述奇特的苏美尔神话[52]推测一下两栖动物传授的技能的内容,神话中详细记录了女神为了使自己的城市繁荣昌盛从埃利都骗走了一些文化要素。
更正：我们可以根据上述奇特的苏美尔神话推测一下两栖动物传授的技能的内容,从中可得知一位女神为了使自己的城市繁荣昌盛从埃利都骗走了哪些文化要素。
解析：女神偷东西是另一个神话了
p97
原文：In the last sentence of a patriot's protest over the desecration of his town by a rival governor2 he prays that the goddess of the desecrator may cast this act upon his neck as a burden, thus implying that no god must be held responsible for the sins of his agent, which he is expected to punish, and thus preserve the harmony of the gods.
误译：套用一个爱国者为亵渎他城市的敌方长官辩护的最后一句话,他祈祷亵渎者的女神将他的所作所为铭刻在他的脖子上,像枷锁一样,这意味着神祇必须为其代理人的罪行负责,他期望有所惩罚,让众神之间保持和谐关系。
更正：在一个爱国者对亵渎他城市的敌方长官的抗议中，最后一句话中，他祈祷亵渎者的女神将他的所作所为像枷锁一样铭刻在亵渎者的脖子上。这意味着神祇不能为其代理人的罪行负责，神祇要惩罚这些罪行，从而让众神之间保持和谐关系。
解析：爱国者为敌方长官辩护？神翻译
p97
原文：Despite their formal humility of station under the gods and the king, the local governors (ensi) were in fact rulers
误译：尽管地位在神祇之下,但是王及地方长官(恩西)是实际的统治者
更正：尽管从形式上看，地方长官（ensi）地位在神祇和王之下，但他们是实际的统治者
解析：是什么样的脑回路才能让the king和the local governors并列起来？
p98
原文：in the descriptions left by Urukagina concerning his social and economic reforms (to be described in §VIII of this chapter) a cleavage of interests between the prince and the priesthood is clearly marked.
误译：在乌鲁卡基那时期留存的社会和经济改革(深入讨论见本章第八节)文献中,明确说明王室贵族和祭司利益遭到削弱。
更正：在乌鲁卡基那时期留存的社会和经济改革(深入讨论见本章第八节)文献中,明确说明王室贵族和祭司之间的利益分歧是很明显的。
解析：cleavage是分歧，不是削弱
p99
原文：Grave as these defects must be reckoned, they weigh light in comparison with the wealth of information afforded by this digest of the earliest history of their country, as it was within the knowledge of the most learned scribes of a later, but still not very remote, posterity.
误译：这类重要缺失必须指出来,因为它们将用来衡量该文献所记录的有关这个地区早期历史的丰富信息的价值,因为它是后来众多饱学之士的知识来源,但并未流传后世。
更正：尽管这些缺陷很严重，但与这个国家最早的历史摘要所提供的丰富信息相比，它们的分量很轻，因为这些信息是在后来但仍然不是很遥远的后世的最博学的抄写员的知识范围内。
解析：译者没看懂这句话，前面跟原文意思相反，最后的“并未流传后世”是什么鬼
p100
原文：The most impressive was found at Ur, and this is placed stratigraphically in the Al-'Ubaid period by the excavator, who has given reasons, by no means negligible, in support of his belief that the massive layer of silt was left by the Deluge famous in Sumerian tradition.
误译：其中最重要的遗存来自乌尔,发掘者确认该地层属于欧贝德时期,其理由微不足道,只是为了支持他的一个结论,即沉积层是苏美尔历史上著名的大洪水的产物。
更正：其中最重要的遗存来自乌尔,发掘者确认该地层属于欧贝德时期，并给出了绝不能忽视的理由，以支持他的一个结论，即沉积层是苏美尔历史上著名的大洪水的产物。
解析：译者不认识by no means
p102
原文：which has been discussed at large in a preceding chapter
误译：这一点我们将在下一章详细讨论
更正：这一点我们已在上一章详细讨论
解析：上下不分，时态不分
p104
原文：this has been discussed in a preceding chapter
误译：将在下一章讨论
更正：已在上一章讨论
解析：上下不分，时态不分
p118
原文：and that by no means the greatest of the Sumerian cities
误译：尽管它无疑是规模最大的苏美尔城市,
更正：而且它绝不是规模最大的苏美尔城市,
解析：by no means表否定
p122
原文：Some of these acquisitions were large, and all were obtained by the payment not only of a main price to the principal vendors, but of sundry gifts, occasionally in silver but more often in kind, to a number of persons having collateral claims to ownership.
误译：其中部分交易额非常大,所有交易不仅支付成交价本金, 还附带给各色人等一些礼品,有时是白银,更多时候给予某些人附带的土地所有权利益。
更正：其中部分交易额非常大，所有交易不仅需要向主要卖家支付主要价格，还需要向一些拥有附带所有权的人赠送一些礼品，有时是白银，更多时候是实物。
解析：译者没搞清楚句子结构
p123
原文：exotic commodities
误译：奢侈品
更正：外来商品
解析：不解释
p129
原文：In one line of a story about the fabulous Gilgamesh that hero is represented3 as drawing the most mortifying conclusion to himself from looking over the wall of Uruk, which he had just built, and beholding corpses which floated upon the river; such may indeed have been the end of the poorest citizens.
误译：在传奇的吉尔伽美什故事中有一类讲述英雄巡视刚刚建成的乌鲁克城墙,凝望着河流中漂浮的尸体,联想到自己终究不可避免的死亡结局;最穷困潦倒的居民最终也是如此。
更正：在传奇的吉尔伽美什故事中有一类讲述英雄巡视刚刚建成的乌鲁克城墙,凝望着河流中漂浮的尸体,他得出最令人羞愧的结论，这可能确实是最穷困潦倒的居民的结局。
解析：原文没有“自己终究死亡”的意思
p129
原文：In one line of a story about the fabulous Gilgamesh that hero is represented as drawing the most mortifying conclusion to himself from looking over the wall of Uruk, which he had just built, and beholding corpses which floated upon the river; such may indeed have been the end of the poorest citizens. A better sort could claim entombment, with grave-goods of varying richness. Burial entailed charges for the funeral, and the gradual abuse of these by the clergy as a means of extortion has helped to disclose that by the end of the Early Dynastic period public opinion had developed to the point of demanding changes in political and social conditions.
误译：在传奇的吉尔伽美什故事中有一类讲述英雄巡视刚刚建成的乌鲁克城墙,凝望着河流中漂浮的尸体,联想到自己终究不可避免的死亡结局;最穷困潦倒的居民最终也是如此。一抷黄土掩埋,最多也只是陪葬品的丰寡程度不同。丧葬习俗规定了葬仪规格,但是祭司日益滥用权力导致早王朝晚期社会公众对社会和政治状况日益不满,变革的呼声日益高涨。
更正：在传奇的吉尔伽美什故事中有一类讲述英雄巡视刚刚建成的乌鲁克城墙，凝望着河流中漂浮的尸体，他得出最令人羞愧的结论，即这可能确实是最穷困潦倒的居民的结局。稍好的情况下，可要求埋葬，陪葬品的丰寡程度各有不同。埋葬需支付葬礼费用，祭司日益滥这些费用作为敲诈手段，这有助于揭示早王朝晚期社会公众对社会和政治状况日益不满，变革的呼声日益高涨。
解析：原翻译看不懂
p129
原文：The unjust exactions of religious officiants were however only one of the evils which had become burdensome enough for a prince (seeking perhaps to buttress an usurped power) to denounce and remedy.
误译：宗教官员滥用职权只是当时社会丑恶现象之一,它已经成为(寻求支持篡权势力的)储君的绊脚石,必须予以铲除。
更正：宗教官员的不公平征收只是当时社会丑恶现象之一，这种罪恶已经变得足以让一位王子（也许是为了支持篡夺的权力）谴责和补救。
解析：原翻译看不懂
p130
原文：That a ruler should abrogate customs which concerned his interest or even affronted his sense of justice might not be surprising in any moderately developed society; that he should draw up a 'manifesto' exposing the abuses and instituting a new regime proves that the early Sumerians had reached a political maturity which subsequent generations, even in a world far outside the bounds of ancient Babylonia, have outgrown but little.
误译：统治者能够废除妨碍其利益的传统,甚至不惜冒犯司法尊严,在任何一个正常发展的社会中,这种做法都不让人诧异;他起草“宣言”昭告天下,为了纠正滥用的权力应当建立新制度,这说明苏美尔人早期政治发展已经十分成熟,这种成就在巴比伦尼亚后世历代及其以外的世界里极少有能够企及者。
更正：一个统治者能够废除关系到其利益，甚至冒犯到他的正义感的习俗，这在任何一个适度发达的社会中都不足为奇；他起草“宣言”昭告天下，揭露弊端并建立新制度，这说明苏美尔人早期政治发展已经十分成熟，这种成就在巴比伦尼亚后世历代及其以外的世界里极少有能够企及者。
解析：原翻译看不懂
p130
原文：and his reforms may have been prompted at least in part by the desire to strengthen his own position and secure the support of the most effective classes among his subjects, those liable to render military service.
误译：他的改革在某种程度上应该是巩固自身地位、保护依赖兵役的追随者阶级的既得利益
更正：他的改革在某种程度上应该是巩固自身地位，并获得那些有责任提供兵役的阶层的支持
解析：secure the support of是获取…的支持，不是保护…的利益
p130
原文：Like most changes of this kind and, as it were, setting the tone for many a later purge, these reforms were stated to be reversions to the 'good old ways' which the city-god Ningirsu had ordained in the beginning, although some of the practices condemned were themselves of long standing.
误译：与众多类似改革相同,改革要排除异己,恢复城市神宁吉尔苏最初确立的“良好风尚”,但是其中许多内容已经长久地被人遗忘了。
更正：与众多类似改革相同，为后来的许多清洗定下基调，这些改革据称是为了恢复城市神宁吉尔苏最初确立的“良好风尚”，尽管其中一些受到谴责待改革的做法本身由来已久。
解析：原文没有“被遗忘”的意思
p130
原文：So literal were the ideas of this direct relation that the new-established king proclaims in a striking phrase that
误译：书面语言对于王与神建立的这种新型关系的表达是:
更正：这种直接关系的想法如此直白，以至于新国王用一句引人注目的短语宣称：
解析：原翻译看不懂
p130
原文：A hymn to this goddess which acclaims her choice of Gudea probably dates from his reign in its present form, but it names also the ancient Ur-Nanshe as having been similarly chosen, and his devotion is witnessed by his own name
误译：有一首致此神的赞美诗称赞她选择了古迪亚,该赞美诗的年代属于古迪亚时期,但是乌尔南塞时期曾经出现过相同抉择记录,也发现了刻有乌尔南塞名字的供品。
更正：一首赞美这位女神选择Gudea的赞美诗可能可以追溯到他现在的通知时期，但它也提到古代的Ur-Nanshe也是被选中的，他的奉献以他自己的名字见证。
解析：原翻译狗屁不通。“抉择记录”是什么？“供品”又是从哪儿来的？
p130
原文：Ur-Nanshe was, even if not by direct family descent, the first in a line of Lagashite kings which ended with Urukagina.
误译：尽管乌尔南塞可能不是家族的直系继承人,他却是乌鲁卡基那时期覆灭的拉伽什王朝的第一任王。
更正：Ur-Nanshe是以乌鲁卡基那为终点的一系列拉伽什国王中的第一任王，虽然他并没有直接的家族血统。
解析：不解释，这么短的句子都翻不通顺
p130
原文：takes a special care of the temple-revenues
误译：爱护神庙设施
更正：照顾神庙收入
解析：revenue跟设施有什么关系
p130
原文：Urukagina does not, in the texts now extant, invoke her authority, but he listened to her counsels, and it may be that the hymn which celebrates her benign qualities and alludes so plainly to the king's expressed purposes was first composed in his reign.
误译：乌鲁卡基那并没有在这些赞美诗中祈求她赐予权力,但是他听从她的意见,赞美诗歌颂她的高贵品质可能就暗含着国王即位之初表达统治政策的目的。
更正：在现存的文本中，Urukagina并没有援引她的权威，但他听从她的意见，这首赞美她高贵品质并明确暗示国王所表达的目的的赞美诗可能就是在他统治时期创作的。
解析：原翻译狗屁不通
p131
原文：on the one hand they were forbidden to oppress the subjects by illegal invasions of property and appropriation of crops, and especially were limited to less than one half of the unconscionable fees which they had extorted at funerals; making no distinction, as it seems, between two kinds of burial, richer and poorer, which the custom of the time recognized.
误译：一方面他们不再能够用非法手段侵犯他人财产、盗用粮食,特别是他们无法再违规收取多达50%的丧葬税——似乎当时穷人和富人之间的葬礼习俗没有差别。
更正：一方面他们不再能够用非法手段侵犯他人财产、盗用粮食，尤其是被限制在他们在葬礼上勒索的不合情理的费用的一半一下，使得穷人和富人的葬礼没有差别。
解析：不解释
p131
原文：nor must the rich man spite him for his refusal
误译：大人物不能拒绝
更正：大人物也不能因其拒绝而怨恨他
解析：spite没翻译出来
p131
原文：Other measures of public benefit were the suppression of crime, and certain remissions of fees formerly exacted on the occasion of divorces, thus curbing unlawful connexions of women, who in consequence of these fines became wives of another without ceasing to be married to the former husband.
误译：其他惠民措施还包括打击犯罪、降低离婚税等税种的税率,此举限制妇女的非法婚姻关系,由于苛以重罚,这些失婚妇女不能够离开自己的前夫另嫁他人。
更正其他惠民措施还包括打击犯罪、降低离婚费用，此举遏制了妇女的非法婚姻关系，这些妇女之前由于罚款太高，不与前夫离婚就另嫁他人。
解析：不解释
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