在网下

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• “网”的概念来自默多克的同行前辈维特根斯坦的语言哲学，即语言不能表述经验以外的东西。语言自诞生以来一直被使用，用语言编织的理论也无处不在，然而用来表述真实世界，却如同隔靴搔痒，事与愿违，形成一个个似是而非的矛盾。所谓“在网下”，简单地说，就是我们处在一张语言构成的大网底下，网把人与真实世界及人的真实经验阻隔开来，我们都在这张网下爬行挣扎。两人谈话中雨果认为，人只要一开口说话，就背离了真实世界，换句话说，只要开口就是撒谎。“一切理论阐述都是思想的飞翔。我们必须跟从情况本身，这是无法言说得具体的。实际上，是我们从未足够接近，不管使多大劲在网下爬，都无济于事。”杰克后来把两人的谈话写成一本书，取名为《无言》，书名的用意在于表现语言哲学中的沉默概念，即遇到无法言说的经验感受，注定无法用意义固定的语言来表达，这时最好保持沉默。杰克虽受到雨果这种观念的启发，但他毕竟是个以语言为工具的作家，并不甘心屈服于“网”下，而去努力寻求挣脱“网”的藩篱之道，将不能言说的说出来。他背着雨果把两人的谈话记录下来，编写成书出版，哪怕此举可能损害两人的友谊，也在所不惜。这显示了杰克的精神信念，即努力接近真实世界和真实经验，而写作本身，就是对这一信念的实践和证明。“网”在小说中似乎还有一层更为宽泛的比喻意义，仿佛在映衬卢梭那句话：“人生而自由却无往不在枷锁之中。”比如书中两对男女的滑稽角逐，以及杰克不能自拔的执着寻觅，都仿佛被一张无形的罗网所笼罩，无论如何也摆脱不了它的终极限定。 (查看原文)

  MoonyLee 1赞 2023-04-01 10:37:30

• Hugo has often been called an idealist. I would prefer a theoretician, though of peculiar kind. He lacked both the practical interests and the self-conscious moral seriousness of those who are usually dubbed idealists. He was the most purely objective and detached person I had ever met-only in him detachment shows less like a virtue and more like a shear gift of nature, a thing of which he was quite unaware. He was interested in everything and interested in the theory of everything, but in a peculiar way. Everything had a theory but no master theory. It was rather perhaps that of each thing he met he wanted to know the nature-and seemed to approach this question in each instance with an absolute freshness of mind. "There is sth fishy about describing people's feelings, all these descrip... (查看原文)

  soleilvert 1赞 2012-11-19 09:45:11

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