Beginning with its first edition and through subsequent editions, Thinking and Deciding has established itself as the required text and important reference work for students and scholars of human cognition and rationality. In this, the fourth edition, Jonathan Baron retains the comprehensive attention to the key questions addressed in the previous editions - How should we think...
Beginning with its first edition and through subsequent editions, Thinking and Deciding has established itself as the required text and important reference work for students and scholars of human cognition and rationality. In this, the fourth edition, Jonathan Baron retains the comprehensive attention to the key questions addressed in the previous editions - How should we think? What, if anything, keeps us from thinking that way? How can we improve our thinking and decision making? - and his expanded treatment of topics such as risk, utilitarianism, Baye's theorem, and moral thinking. With the student in mind, the fourth edition emphasises the development of an understanding of the fundamental concepts in judgement and decision making. This book is essential reading for students and scholars in judgement and decision making and related fields, including psychology, economics, law, medicine, and business.
作者简介
· · · · · ·
Jonathan Baron，美国宾夕法尼亚大学心理系教授，哈佛大学心理学学士学位(1966年)，密歇
根大学心理系博士学位(1970年)。历任美国宾夕法尼亚大学助理教授、副教授、教授。Baron教授曾担任美国判断与决策学会(Society for Judgment and Decision Making)主席(2006—2007)，并担任该学会会刊Judgment and Decision Making主编。迄今为止，他出版专著9本，发表学术论文180余篇。其研究领域和兴趣不仅包括判断与决策的理论研究，也广泛涉及政治、公共事务、法律、医学等领域的决策。本书是Baron教授影响最为广泛的著作之一。
Rational does not
mean, here, a kind of thinking that denies emotions and desires: It means, the kind
of thinking we would all want to do, if we were aware of our own best interests, in
order to achieve our goals.
A decision is a choice of action — of what to do or not do. Decisions are made
to achieve goals, and they are based on beliefs about what actions will achieve the
goals.
Decisions depend on beliefs and goals, but we can think about beliefs and goals
separately, without even knowing what decisions they will affect. When we think
about belief, we think to decide how strongly to believe something, or which of
several competing beliefs is true. When we believe a proposition, we tend to act as
if it were true.
When we decide on a personal goal, we make a decision that affects future d... (查看原文)
In sum, learning without understanding was
characterized either by lack of transfer of the principle to cases where it applied or
by inappropriate transfer to cases where it did not apply.
Understanding, Perkins states, involves knowing three things: (1) the
structure of what we want to understand; (2) the purpose of the structure; and (3) the
arguments about why the structure serves the purpose. (查看原文)
In sum, learning without understanding was characterized either by lack of transfer of the principle to cases where it applied or by inappropriate transfer to cases where it did not apply. Understanding, Perkins states, involves knowing three things: (1) the structure of what we want to understand; (2) the purpose of the structure; and (3) the arguments about why the structure serves the purpos...
2013-01-03 22:181人喜欢
In sum, learning without understanding was
characterized either by lack of transfer of the principle to cases where it applied or
by inappropriate transfer to cases where it did not apply.
Understanding, Perkins states, involves knowing three things: (1) the
structure of what we want to understand; (2) the purpose of the structure; and (3) the
arguments about why the structure serves the purpose.引自 Understanding
这里的理解对象是工具（设计），工具可以有各种用途（purpose），工具之所以能服务于用途，是因为论据（arguments）。
理解平行四边形公式 S=ah：
purpose: 计算面积
structure: S a h 指的是什么
arguments: 公式推倒过程
Rational does not mean, here, a kind of thinking that denies emotions and desires: It means, the kind of thinking we would all want to do, if we were aware of our own best interests, in order to achieve our goals. A decision is a choice of action — of what to do or not do. Decisions are made to achieve goals, and they are based on beliefs about what actions will achieve the goals. Decisions de...
2012-12-27 11:111人喜欢
Rational does not
mean, here, a kind of thinking that denies emotions and desires: It means, the kind
of thinking we would all want to do, if we were aware of our own best interests, in
order to achieve our goals.
A decision is a choice of action — of what to do or not do. Decisions are made
to achieve goals, and they are based on beliefs about what actions will achieve the
goals.
Decisions depend on beliefs and goals, but we can think about beliefs and goals
separately, without even knowing what decisions they will affect. When we think
about belief, we think to decide how strongly to believe something, or which of
several competing beliefs is true. When we believe a proposition, we tend to act as
if it were true.
When we decide on a personal goal, we make a decision that affects future decisions.
Actions, beliefs, and personal goals can be the results of thinking, but they can
also come about in other ways.引自 What is thinking?
In short, normative models tell us how to evaluate judgments and decisions in terms of their departure from an ideal standard. Descriptive models specify what people in a particular culture actually do and how they deviate from the normative models. Prescriptive models are designs or inventions, whose purpose is to bring the results of actual thinking into closer conformity to the normative mod...
2017-12-29 22:07
In short, normative models tell us how to evaluate judgments and decisions in
terms of their departure from an ideal standard. Descriptive models specify what
people in a particular culture actually do and how they deviate from the normative
models. Prescriptive models are designs or inventions, whose purpose is to bring the
results of actual thinking into closer conformity to the normative model. If prescriptive recommendations derived in this way are successful, the study of thinking can
help people to become better thinkers.
Rational does not mean, here, a kind of thinking that denies emotions and desires: It means, the kind of thinking we would all want to do, if we were aware of our own best interests, in order to achieve our goals. A decision is a choice of action — of what to do or not do. Decisions are made to achieve goals, and they are based on beliefs about what actions will achieve the goals. Decisions de...
2012-12-27 11:111人喜欢
Rational does not
mean, here, a kind of thinking that denies emotions and desires: It means, the kind
of thinking we would all want to do, if we were aware of our own best interests, in
order to achieve our goals.
A decision is a choice of action — of what to do or not do. Decisions are made
to achieve goals, and they are based on beliefs about what actions will achieve the
goals.
Decisions depend on beliefs and goals, but we can think about beliefs and goals
separately, without even knowing what decisions they will affect. When we think
about belief, we think to decide how strongly to believe something, or which of
several competing beliefs is true. When we believe a proposition, we tend to act as
if it were true.
When we decide on a personal goal, we make a decision that affects future decisions.
Actions, beliefs, and personal goals can be the results of thinking, but they can
also come about in other ways.引自 What is thinking?
We search for three kinds of objects: possibilities, evidence, and goals. Fun. Interested in the differences between this search-inference framework and the search algorithms in CS. recall / get from an external aid --(analogy)-> objects. Naive theories are also important.
2012-12-29 20:07
We search for three kinds of objects: possibilities, evidence, and goals.引自 What is thinking?
Fun. Interested in the differences between this search-inference framework and the search algorithms in CS.
recall / get from an external aid --(analogy)-> objects.
Naive theories are also important.
In sum, learning without understanding was characterized either by lack of transfer of the principle to cases where it applied or by inappropriate transfer to cases where it did not apply. Understanding, Perkins states, involves knowing three things: (1) the structure of what we want to understand; (2) the purpose of the structure; and (3) the arguments about why the structure serves the purpos...
2013-01-03 22:181人喜欢
In sum, learning without understanding was
characterized either by lack of transfer of the principle to cases where it applied or
by inappropriate transfer to cases where it did not apply.
Understanding, Perkins states, involves knowing three things: (1) the
structure of what we want to understand; (2) the purpose of the structure; and (3) the
arguments about why the structure serves the purpose.引自 Understanding
这里的理解对象是工具（设计），工具可以有各种用途（purpose），工具之所以能服务于用途，是因为论据（arguments）。
理解平行四边形公式 S=ah：
purpose: 计算面积
structure: S a h 指的是什么
arguments: 公式推倒过程
In short, normative models tell us how to evaluate judgments and decisions in terms of their departure from an ideal standard. Descriptive models specify what people in a particular culture actually do and how they deviate from the normative models. Prescriptive models are designs or inventions, whose purpose is to bring the results of actual thinking into closer conformity to the normative mod...
2017-12-29 22:07
In short, normative models tell us how to evaluate judgments and decisions in
terms of their departure from an ideal standard. Descriptive models specify what
people in a particular culture actually do and how they deviate from the normative
models. Prescriptive models are designs or inventions, whose purpose is to bring the
results of actual thinking into closer conformity to the normative model. If prescriptive recommendations derived in this way are successful, the study of thinking can
help people to become better thinkers.
In sum, learning without understanding was characterized either by lack of transfer of the principle to cases where it applied or by inappropriate transfer to cases where it did not apply. Understanding, Perkins states, involves knowing three things: (1) the structure of what we want to understand; (2) the purpose of the structure; and (3) the arguments about why the structure serves the purpos...
2013-01-03 22:181人喜欢
In sum, learning without understanding was
characterized either by lack of transfer of the principle to cases where it applied or
by inappropriate transfer to cases where it did not apply.
Understanding, Perkins states, involves knowing three things: (1) the
structure of what we want to understand; (2) the purpose of the structure; and (3) the
arguments about why the structure serves the purpose.引自 Understanding
这里的理解对象是工具（设计），工具可以有各种用途（purpose），工具之所以能服务于用途，是因为论据（arguments）。
理解平行四边形公式 S=ah：
purpose: 计算面积
structure: S a h 指的是什么
arguments: 公式推倒过程
We search for three kinds of objects: possibilities, evidence, and goals. Fun. Interested in the differences between this search-inference framework and the search algorithms in CS. recall / get from an external aid --(analogy)-> objects. Naive theories are also important.
2012-12-29 20:07
We search for three kinds of objects: possibilities, evidence, and goals.引自 What is thinking?
Fun. Interested in the differences between this search-inference framework and the search algorithms in CS.
recall / get from an external aid --(analogy)-> objects.
Naive theories are also important.
tuppence
四川人民出版社2003版
In short, normative models tell us how to evaluate judgments and decisions in terms of their departure from an ideal standard. Descriptive models specify what people in a particular culture actually do and how they deviate from the normative models. Prescriptive models are designs or inventions, whose purpose is to bring the results of actual thinking into closer conformity to the normative mod...
2 有用 viola 2013-11-25
囫囵吞枣看完的，作者曾担任美国判断决策学会主席，又是心理学教授，这书份量很重，一是严肃学术性很强，二是书本身很厚很重。豆友抱怨翻译差，我也就不敢看中文版，但边看英文边觉得，实在不好理解也不好翻译。说理部分，作者写作水平并不高，该清晰叙述的却写得很散，抓不到重点，另外，概念细分得近乎苛刻，中文很难找到对应。最精华部分可能是大篇幅的概率分析了，使用数据化的时候，作者得心应手些。啃得好累，半懂不懂，以后... 囫囵吞枣看完的，作者曾担任美国判断决策学会主席，又是心理学教授，这书份量很重，一是严肃学术性很强，二是书本身很厚很重。豆友抱怨翻译差，我也就不敢看中文版，但边看英文边觉得，实在不好理解也不好翻译。说理部分，作者写作水平并不高，该清晰叙述的却写得很散，抓不到重点，另外，概念细分得近乎苛刻，中文很难找到对应。最精华部分可能是大篇幅的概率分析了，使用数据化的时候，作者得心应手些。啃得好累，半懂不懂，以后有兴趣再重读。 (展开)
0 有用 蝉 2013-12-25
:无
0 有用 noVice 2013-01-26
神作，525页16开读得dt。。。
0 有用 Y7UK2 2017-08-12
结构清晰的教科书风格，受够了那些坑爹的畅销书
0 有用 一弦定音！ 2013-07-03
开头挺不错的, 后几篇写的很潦草.
0 有用 Y7UK2 2017-08-12
结构清晰的教科书风格，受够了那些坑爹的畅销书
0 有用 lijun 2017-01-01
思维方式受文化等因素的影响。 思维有好坏，好的思维即理性思维引导我们作出正确决策去实现目标。 不良思维的特点是思维太少，而真正的危险在于没有好好思维就满怀信心地去行动了。我们未经考证的信念和别人思前想后得出的，浮在表面的结论都不足以成为我们行动的理由。
0 有用 青团儿 2015-10-22
大学论文参考书籍之一，读过电子版。纸质版太贵，一看价格，我选择毕业。
0 有用 榴蔷 2014-01-12
期末考试隔了好久没看，就没兴趣看了。我更相信厚积薄发，发即决策与行动，者更像一个自然而然的结果，方式可以自我感知，读书还是找更好的吧。
0 有用 蝉 2013-12-25
:无