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内容简介 · · · · · ·
本书以H3C MSR 20 系列，30-20、50-60 路由器和S3600、S3610 交换机等网络设备为硬件实验平台，以H3C COMWARE v3v5 操作系统为软件实验环境，从行业的实际需求出发组织全部内容。本书介绍了常用网络设备基础知识，详细讨论了交换机和路由器的工作原理、登录管理及基本配置，包括端口设置、链路聚合、STP 实现、VLAN 划分、VLAN 间路由等交换机技术，静态路由、RIP、OSPF、BGP、路由重分布等路由技术，HDLC、PPP 和FR 等广域网技术，还讨论了NAT、ACL、网络可靠性等网络技术。
作者简介 · · · · · ·
昝风彪，硕士，教授,1993年毕业于华东师范大学，现任青海民族大学实验室与设备管理中心主任，长期担任"网络互联与路由技术""计算机通信网""TCPIP协议及其应用"等课程教学。承担教育部"十一五"全国教育考试规划项目1项，承担或参与多项省级、校级项目，发表科研教学论文15篇，积累了丰富的科研经验，并以此推动高水平的教学活动，参编教材2部。
叶涛，硕士，副教授，1996年毕业于西安理工大学，青海民族大学计算机学院教师，长期担任"网络互联与路由技术""网络系统集成""接入网技术"等课程教学。2009年在青海省中青年教师比赛中获省级优秀奖。
刘昕，硕士，讲师，青海民族大学计算机学院教师，主要担任的教学课程有"网络互联与路由技术""网络工程项目综合实践"，2013年在青海省中青年教师比赛中获省级优秀奖。
目录 · · · · · ·
第1 章 网络互联概述···················1
1.1 网络互联的概念·······················1
1.1.1 网络互联形式与层次············1
1.1.2 网络互联的目的与功能·········2
1.1.3 网络互联的优点··················2
1.1.4 基于IP 协议的互联网数据
· · · · · · (更多)
1.1 网络互联的概念·······················1
1.1.1 网络互联形式与层次············1
1.1.2 网络互联的目的与功能·········2
1.1.3 网络互联的优点··················2
1.1.4 基于IP 协议的互联网数据
· · · · · · (更多)
第1 章 网络互联概述···················1
1.1 网络互联的概念·······················1
1.1.1 网络互联形式与层次············1
1.1.2 网络互联的目的与功能·········2
1.1.3 网络互联的优点··················2
1.1.4 基于IP 协议的互联网数据
交换过程···························2
1.2 网络体系结构··························3
1.2.1 OSI 七层体系结构···············4
1.2.2 TCPIP 四层体系结构···········5
1.3 练习题···································7
第2 章 网络互联设备···················8
2.1 传输介质及其连接器·················8
2.1.1 同轴电缆···························8
2.1.2 双绞线······························9
2.1.3 光纤······························· 10
2.1.4 网卡······························· 11
2.2 中继器与集线器····················· 13
2.2.1 中继器···························· 13
2.2.2 集线器···························· 14
2.3 网桥与以太网交换机··············· 14
2.3.1 网桥······························· 15
2.3.2 以太网交换机概述············· 17
2.3.3 交换机的组成··················· 19
2.3.4 交换机的体系结构············· 22
2.3.5 交换机的性能指标············· 24
2.3.6 交换机的分类··················· 27
2.4 路由器································· 29
2.4.1 路由器概述······················ 29
2.4.2 路由器的组成··················· 31
2.4.3 路由器的体系结构············· 36
2.4.4 路由器的性能指标············· 37
2.4.5 路由器的分类··················· 38
2.5 网关及防火墙························ 40
2.5.1 网关······························· 40
2.5.2 防火墙···························· 41
2.6 练习题································· 45
第3 章 网络设备管理基本操作···· 46
3.1 基于H3C 设备的Comware
软件平台····························· 46
3.2 H3C 网络设备管理相关术语······ 47
3.2.1 用户界面························· 47
3.2.2 视图······························· 48
3.2.3 命令行接口······················ 49
3.2.4 命令级别和用户级别·········· 51
3.2.5 保存当前配置··················· 52
3.3 网络设备登录与认证··············· 52
3.3.1 通过Console 接口登录
设备······························· 53
3.3.2 Console 口登录的用户
接口认证方式··················· 56
3.3.3 通过Telnet 登录网络设备···· 57
3.3.4 通过浏览器或网管软件
登录······························· 58
3.3.5 通过Console 口用Modem
拨号进行远程登录············· 60
3.4 网络设备文件管理·················· 62
3.4.1 文件名参数输入规则·········· 62
3.4.2 文件类型························· 62
3.4.3 网络设备启动引导调用
文件过程························· 63
3.4.4 文件与目录操作················ 64
3.5 网络设备系统程序升级············ 65
3.5.1 基于XModem 协议的BootROM
菜单操作升级过程············· 65
3.5.2 基于FTP 协议的命令行
操作升级过程··················· 66
3.6 练习题································· 67
第4 章 以太网交换技术·············· 69
4.1 以太网技术··························· 69
4.1.1 以太网技术标准················ 69
4.1.1 以太网技术标准················ 69
4.1.2 以太网数据链路层的数据
封装······························· 72
4.2 以太网交换机数据转发机制······ 73
4.2.1 交换机端口传输模式·········· 73
4.2.2 交换机数据转发方式·········· 74
4.2.3 交换机数据转发与
转发表的维护··················· 74
4.3 交换机的应用技术·················· 76
4.3.1 级联与堆叠······················ 76
4.3.2 端口与地址绑定················ 78
4.3.3 端口镜像························· 79
4.4 交换机的端口及地址表管理
配置··································· 79
4.4.1 H3C 交换机命名规则········· 79
4.4.2 H3C 交换机接口编号规则··· 80
4.4.3 以太网端口的全双式
半双工设置······················ 81
4.4.4 以太网端口的速率设置······· 81
4.4.5 以太网端口的网线类型
设置····························· 82
4.4.6 以太网端口广播风暴制比
设置······························· 82
4.4.7 开启以太网流量控制特性···· 83
4.4.8 关闭以太网端口················ 83
4.4.9 MAC 地址表管理配置········ 83
4.5 交换机链路聚合技术··············· 84
4.5.1 链路聚合概述··················· 84
4.5.2 链路聚合分类··················· 84
4.5.3 静态聚合示例··················· 85
4.6 生成树································· 87
4.6.1 STP 协议························· 87
4.6.2 STP 的改进······················ 96
4.6.3 STP 配置························· 98
4.7 虚拟局域网技术····················· 99
4.7.1 VLAN 概述······················ 99
4.7.2 IEEE 802.1Q 标准············ 102
4.7.3 基于端口的VLAN 实现···· 104
4.7.4 基于协议的VLAN 实现···· 109
4.8 练习题································111
第5 章 IP 路由技术·················· 114
5.1 路由及路由表······················ 114
5.1.1 路由基础······················· 114
5.1.2 路由的生成与维护方法····· 116
5.2 路由算法与协议··················· 117
5.2.1 路由算法······················· 117
5.2.2 路由协议······················· 120
5.2.3 路由匹配······················· 122
5.3 RIP 协议····························· 125
5.3.1 RIP 协议简介················· 125
5.3.2 RIP 协议对路由表维护····· 127
5.3.3 RIP 协议的路由环路
问题····························· 128
5.3.4 RIP 协议配置················· 132
5.4 OSPF 协议·························· 134
5.4.1 OSPF 协议简介··············· 134
5.4.2 OSPF 协议报文··············· 135
5.4.3 OSPF 协议工作过程········· 142
5.4.4 DRBDR························ 146
5.4.5 自治系统与OSPF 区域····· 148
5.4.6 OSPF 基本配置··············· 150
5.5 VLAN 间通信······················ 153
5.5.1 多端口路由器实现VLAN
间通信·························· 153
5.5.2 单臂路由实现VLAN 间
通信····························· 154
5.6 练习题······························· 155
第6 章 广域网及其配置············ 161
6.1 HDLC ································ 161
6.1.1 HDLC 简介···················· 161
6.1.2 HDLC 的帧类型和帧格式·· 161
6.1.3 HDLC 配置···················· 162
6.2 PPP ····································162
6.2.1 PPP 简介························162
6.2.2 PPP 协议规范··················163
6.2.3 PPP 链路建立过程············164
6.2.4 PPP 口令验证方式············165
6.2.5 PPP 配置························166
6.3 帧中继································168
6.3.1 帧中继协议简介···············168
6.3.2 帧中继配置·····················173
6.3.3 帧中继配置实例···············174
6.4 练习题································176
第7 章 防火墙与访问控制
列表ACL ························179
7.1 防火墙································179
7.1.1 防火墙简介·····················179
7.1.2 ASPF 简介······················180
7.2 访问控制列表ACL ················183
7.2.1 ACL 介绍·······················183
7.2.2 ACL 匹配顺序·················184
7.2.3 相关概念························184
7.2.4 ACL 配置·······················185
7.3 练习题································187
第8 章 网络地址转换················190
8.1 NAT 技术的基本原理·············190
8.1.1 NAT 概述·······················190
8.1.2 NAT 的工作原理··············191
8.1.3 NAT 技术的类型··············192
8.1.4 NAT 实现流程·················192
8.2 NAT 实现的功能···················194
8.2.1 地址转换及其控制············194
8.2.2 网络地址端口转换
（NAPT）······················· 194
8.2.3 内部服务器···················· 195
8.2.4 Easy IP·························· 195
8.3 NAT 配置···························· 197
8.3.1 NAT 配置命令················ 197
8.3.2 NAT 典型配置举例·········· 198
8.4 练习题······························· 200
第9 章 网络可靠性··················· 202
9.1 网络可靠性概述··················· 202
9.2 备份中心···························· 203
9.2.1 备份中心简介················· 203
9.2.2 备份中心配置················· 204
9.3 设备备份技术······················ 207
9.3.1 设备自身的备份技术········ 207
9.3.2 设备间的备份技术VRRP···· 207
9.3.3 VRRP 备份组简介··········· 208
9.3.4 VRRP 定时器················· 209
9.3.5 VRRP 工作过程·············· 210
9.3.6 配置VRRP ···················· 210
9.4 练习题······························· 214
第10 章 边界网关协议BGP·········· 216
10.1 BGP 简介·························· 216
10.1.1 BGP 的消息类型············ 217
10.1.2 BGP 的路由属性············ 219
10.2 BGP 配置·························· 223
10.2.1 配置命令····················· 223
10.2.2 BGP 典型配置举例········· 225
10.3 练习题······························ 228
参考文献···································· 230
· · · · · · (收起)
1.1 网络互联的概念·······················1
1.1.1 网络互联形式与层次············1
1.1.2 网络互联的目的与功能·········2
1.1.3 网络互联的优点··················2
1.1.4 基于IP 协议的互联网数据
交换过程···························2
1.2 网络体系结构··························3
1.2.1 OSI 七层体系结构···············4
1.2.2 TCPIP 四层体系结构···········5
1.3 练习题···································7
第2 章 网络互联设备···················8
2.1 传输介质及其连接器·················8
2.1.1 同轴电缆···························8
2.1.2 双绞线······························9
2.1.3 光纤······························· 10
2.1.4 网卡······························· 11
2.2 中继器与集线器····················· 13
2.2.1 中继器···························· 13
2.2.2 集线器···························· 14
2.3 网桥与以太网交换机··············· 14
2.3.1 网桥······························· 15
2.3.2 以太网交换机概述············· 17
2.3.3 交换机的组成··················· 19
2.3.4 交换机的体系结构············· 22
2.3.5 交换机的性能指标············· 24
2.3.6 交换机的分类··················· 27
2.4 路由器································· 29
2.4.1 路由器概述······················ 29
2.4.2 路由器的组成··················· 31
2.4.3 路由器的体系结构············· 36
2.4.4 路由器的性能指标············· 37
2.4.5 路由器的分类··················· 38
2.5 网关及防火墙························ 40
2.5.1 网关······························· 40
2.5.2 防火墙···························· 41
2.6 练习题································· 45
第3 章 网络设备管理基本操作···· 46
3.1 基于H3C 设备的Comware
软件平台····························· 46
3.2 H3C 网络设备管理相关术语······ 47
3.2.1 用户界面························· 47
3.2.2 视图······························· 48
3.2.3 命令行接口······················ 49
3.2.4 命令级别和用户级别·········· 51
3.2.5 保存当前配置··················· 52
3.3 网络设备登录与认证··············· 52
3.3.1 通过Console 接口登录
设备······························· 53
3.3.2 Console 口登录的用户
接口认证方式··················· 56
3.3.3 通过Telnet 登录网络设备···· 57
3.3.4 通过浏览器或网管软件
登录······························· 58
3.3.5 通过Console 口用Modem
拨号进行远程登录············· 60
3.4 网络设备文件管理·················· 62
3.4.1 文件名参数输入规则·········· 62
3.4.2 文件类型························· 62
3.4.3 网络设备启动引导调用
文件过程························· 63
3.4.4 文件与目录操作················ 64
3.5 网络设备系统程序升级············ 65
3.5.1 基于XModem 协议的BootROM
菜单操作升级过程············· 65
3.5.2 基于FTP 协议的命令行
操作升级过程··················· 66
3.6 练习题································· 67
第4 章 以太网交换技术·············· 69
4.1 以太网技术··························· 69
4.1.1 以太网技术标准················ 69
4.1.1 以太网技术标准················ 69
4.1.2 以太网数据链路层的数据
封装······························· 72
4.2 以太网交换机数据转发机制······ 73
4.2.1 交换机端口传输模式·········· 73
4.2.2 交换机数据转发方式·········· 74
4.2.3 交换机数据转发与
转发表的维护··················· 74
4.3 交换机的应用技术·················· 76
4.3.1 级联与堆叠······················ 76
4.3.2 端口与地址绑定················ 78
4.3.3 端口镜像························· 79
4.4 交换机的端口及地址表管理
配置··································· 79
4.4.1 H3C 交换机命名规则········· 79
4.4.2 H3C 交换机接口编号规则··· 80
4.4.3 以太网端口的全双式
半双工设置······················ 81
4.4.4 以太网端口的速率设置······· 81
4.4.5 以太网端口的网线类型
设置····························· 82
4.4.6 以太网端口广播风暴制比
设置······························· 82
4.4.7 开启以太网流量控制特性···· 83
4.4.8 关闭以太网端口················ 83
4.4.9 MAC 地址表管理配置········ 83
4.5 交换机链路聚合技术··············· 84
4.5.1 链路聚合概述··················· 84
4.5.2 链路聚合分类··················· 84
4.5.3 静态聚合示例··················· 85
4.6 生成树································· 87
4.6.1 STP 协议························· 87
4.6.2 STP 的改进······················ 96
4.6.3 STP 配置························· 98
4.7 虚拟局域网技术····················· 99
4.7.1 VLAN 概述······················ 99
4.7.2 IEEE 802.1Q 标准············ 102
4.7.3 基于端口的VLAN 实现···· 104
4.7.4 基于协议的VLAN 实现···· 109
4.8 练习题································111
第5 章 IP 路由技术·················· 114
5.1 路由及路由表······················ 114
5.1.1 路由基础······················· 114
5.1.2 路由的生成与维护方法····· 116
5.2 路由算法与协议··················· 117
5.2.1 路由算法······················· 117
5.2.2 路由协议······················· 120
5.2.3 路由匹配······················· 122
5.3 RIP 协议····························· 125
5.3.1 RIP 协议简介················· 125
5.3.2 RIP 协议对路由表维护····· 127
5.3.3 RIP 协议的路由环路
问题····························· 128
5.3.4 RIP 协议配置················· 132
5.4 OSPF 协议·························· 134
5.4.1 OSPF 协议简介··············· 134
5.4.2 OSPF 协议报文··············· 135
5.4.3 OSPF 协议工作过程········· 142
5.4.4 DRBDR························ 146
5.4.5 自治系统与OSPF 区域····· 148
5.4.6 OSPF 基本配置··············· 150
5.5 VLAN 间通信······················ 153
5.5.1 多端口路由器实现VLAN
间通信·························· 153
5.5.2 单臂路由实现VLAN 间
通信····························· 154
5.6 练习题······························· 155
第6 章 广域网及其配置············ 161
6.1 HDLC ································ 161
6.1.1 HDLC 简介···················· 161
6.1.2 HDLC 的帧类型和帧格式·· 161
6.1.3 HDLC 配置···················· 162
6.2 PPP ····································162
6.2.1 PPP 简介························162
6.2.2 PPP 协议规范··················163
6.2.3 PPP 链路建立过程············164
6.2.4 PPP 口令验证方式············165
6.2.5 PPP 配置························166
6.3 帧中继································168
6.3.1 帧中继协议简介···············168
6.3.2 帧中继配置·····················173
6.3.3 帧中继配置实例···············174
6.4 练习题································176
第7 章 防火墙与访问控制
列表ACL ························179
7.1 防火墙································179
7.1.1 防火墙简介·····················179
7.1.2 ASPF 简介······················180
7.2 访问控制列表ACL ················183
7.2.1 ACL 介绍·······················183
7.2.2 ACL 匹配顺序·················184
7.2.3 相关概念························184
7.2.4 ACL 配置·······················185
7.3 练习题································187
第8 章 网络地址转换················190
8.1 NAT 技术的基本原理·············190
8.1.1 NAT 概述·······················190
8.1.2 NAT 的工作原理··············191
8.1.3 NAT 技术的类型··············192
8.1.4 NAT 实现流程·················192
8.2 NAT 实现的功能···················194
8.2.1 地址转换及其控制············194
8.2.2 网络地址端口转换
（NAPT）······················· 194
8.2.3 内部服务器···················· 195
8.2.4 Easy IP·························· 195
8.3 NAT 配置···························· 197
8.3.1 NAT 配置命令················ 197
8.3.2 NAT 典型配置举例·········· 198
8.4 练习题······························· 200
第9 章 网络可靠性··················· 202
9.1 网络可靠性概述··················· 202
9.2 备份中心···························· 203
9.2.1 备份中心简介················· 203
9.2.2 备份中心配置················· 204
9.3 设备备份技术······················ 207
9.3.1 设备自身的备份技术········ 207
9.3.2 设备间的备份技术VRRP···· 207
9.3.3 VRRP 备份组简介··········· 208
9.3.4 VRRP 定时器················· 209
9.3.5 VRRP 工作过程·············· 210
9.3.6 配置VRRP ···················· 210
9.4 练习题······························· 214
第10 章 边界网关协议BGP·········· 216
10.1 BGP 简介·························· 216
10.1.1 BGP 的消息类型············ 217
10.1.2 BGP 的路由属性············ 219
10.2 BGP 配置·························· 223
10.2.1 配置命令····················· 223
10.2.2 BGP 典型配置举例········· 225
10.3 练习题······························ 228
参考文献···································· 230
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