稀化气体中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 第2版

The experimental discovery of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped atomic clouds opened up the exploration of quantum phenomena in a qualitatively new regime. Our aim in the present work is to provide an introduction to this rapidly developing field.

The study of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases draws on many different subfields of physics. Atomic physics provides th...

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The experimental discovery of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped atomic clouds opened up the exploration of quantum phenomena in a qualitatively new regime. Our aim in the present work is to provide an introduction to this rapidly developing field.

The study of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases draws on many different subfields of physics. Atomic physics provides the basic methods for creating and manipulating these systems, and the physical data required to characterize them. Because interactions between atoms play a key role in the behaviour of ultracold atomic clouds, concepts and methods from condensed matter physics are used extensively. Investigations of spatial and temporal correlations of particles provide links to quantum optics, where related studies have been made for photons. Trapped atomic clouds have some similarities to atomic nuclei, and insights from nuclear physics have been helpful in understanding their properties.

Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic clouds
1.2 Superfiuid 4He
1.3 Other condensates
1.4 Overview
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Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic clouds
1.2 Superfiuid 4He
1.3 Other condensates
1.4 Overview
Problems
References
2 The non-interacting Bose gas
2.1 The Bose distribution
2.1.1 Density of states
2.2 Transition temperature and condensate fraction
2.2.1 Condensate fraction
2.3 Density profile and velocity distribution
2.3.1 The semi-classical distribution
2.4 Thermodynamic quantities
2.4.1 Condensed phase
2.4.2 Normal phase
2.4.3 Specific heat close to Tc
2.5 Effect of finite particle number
Problems
References
3 Atomic properties
3.1 Atomic structure
3.2 The Zeeman effect
3.3 Response to an electric field
3.4 Energy scales
Problems
References
4 Trapping and cooling of atoms
4.1 Magnetic traps
4.1.1 The quadrupole trap
4.1.2 The TOP trap
4.1.3 Magnetic bottles and the Ioffe-Pritchard trap
4.1.4 Microtraps
4.2 Influence of laser light on an atom
4.2.1 Forces on an atom in a laser field
4.2.2 Opticaltraps
4.3 Laser cooling: the Doppler process
4.4 The magneto-optical trap
4.5 Sisyphus cooling
4.6 Evaporative cooling
4.7 Spin-polarized hydrogen
Problems
References
5 Interactions between atoms
5.1 Interatomic potentials and the van der Waals interaction
5.2 Basic scattering theory
5.2.1 Effective interactions and the scattering length
5.3 Scattering length for a model potential
5.4 Scattering between different internal states
5.4.1 Inelastic processes
5.4.2 Elastic scattering and Feshbach resonances
5.5 Determination of scattering lengths
5.5.1 Scattering lengths for alkali atoms and hydrogen
Problems
References
6 Theory of the condensed state
6.1 The Gross-Pitaevskii equation
6.2 The ground state for trapped bosons
6.2.1 A variational calculation
6.2.2 The Thomas-Fermi approximation
6.3 Surface structure of clouds
6.4 Healing of the condensate wave function
……
7 Dynamics of the condensate
8 Microscopic theory of the Bose gas
9 Rotating condensates
10 Superfluidity
11 Trapped clouds at non-zero temperature
12 Mixtures and spinor condensates
13 Interference and correlations
14 0ptical lattices
15 Lower dimensions
16 Fermions
17 From atoms to molecules
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