我们彼此负有什么义务

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• Concentrating on well-being, and hence on the contribution that success in one’s rational goals makes to the quality of one’s life, has two effects which are distortions from the person’s own point of view. Since well-being is a state, which is to be “brought about,” one effect of concentrating on well-being is to represent all values in terms of reasons to bring about certain results. But this is not how things seem from the point of view of a person whose rational aims include com- mitments to values that are not teleological. An individual who ration- ally holds these values has reason to deliberate and to act as they require. As I argued in Chapter 2, this is not the same thing as seeking to maximize the degree to which one’s actions, over one’s whole life, are in conformity with these... (查看原文)

  nous 2024-09-03 01:27:53

• How many valid moral principles are there, then? An indefinite number, I would say. This, again, may seem implausible. How are we supposed to know what principles there are? By the same kind of thinking that we use to understand the content of familiar principles like fidelity to promises and freedom of speech. That is: we can see the need for limits on certain patterns of action (patterns of justification) by seeing the ways in which we are at risk if people are left free to decide to act in these ways; and by understanding the rationale for these moral constraints we can see why it is that certain reasons for action, and certain ways of giving some reasons priority over others, are morally inadmissible. Some familiar principles are generally learned through explicit moral teaching, but w... (查看原文)

  nous 2024-09-08 15:37:34

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