(Toll) This happened despite the fact that the city was growing during these years and the number of cars in Singapore tripled. As in other times and places, incentives changed behavior. (查看原文)
Of the chief executive officers of the 50 largest American corporations surveyed in 2006, only four had Ivy League degrees and just over half graduated from state colleges, city colleges, or a community college. (查看原文)
In economics, 'costs' usually refer to the inherent or lowest cost of producing a given quantity and quality of goods and services. Otherwise, any outlays of money, whether caused by inefficiency, irresponsibility, or corruption, would be counted as production costs. But, as already noted, there are academic policies and practices which inflate the actual financial outlays of colleges and universities well beyond these inherent costs. (查看原文)
While the results of some research is valuable to society at large, many knowledgeable poeple inside and outside the academic world have complained that much----perhaps most-----of the research is of little value to anyone beyond those who must pad their resumes to advance their careers. (查看原文)
Although one person's income maybe a hundred or a thousand times greater than another's, it is of course very doubtable that one person is a hundred or a thousand times more intelligent or works a hundred or a thousand times as hard. But, again, input is not the measure of value. Results are. (查看原文)
It is especially important to scrutinize the evidence because many individuals and organizations have a vested interest in claiming credit for progress, and incessantly repeated claims can sometimes be mistaken for facts. (查看原文)
For centuries before, Europeans had enslaved other Europeans, Asians had enslaved other Asians and Africans had enslaved other Africans.```````````````````````North Africa's Barbary Coast pirates alone captured and enslaved at least a million Europeans from 1500 to 1800, carrying more Europeans into bondage in North Africa than there were Africans brought in bondage to the United States and to the American colonies from which it was formed. (查看原文)
Educational and intellectual performance is a readily documented area where the persistence of culture can be tested. As late as the First World War, white soldiers from various Sothern states scored lower on mental tests than black soldiers from various Northern states. (查看原文)
Before racial discrimination became illegal and socially unacceptable in the United States, non-profit organizations like universities, foundations, and hospitals could discriminate more readily, and against more groups, because their survival did not depend on making a profit, and the implicit costs of their decisions were paid out of the endowments and donations supplied by others. (查看原文)
Europeans certainly committed many sins in Africa----and North Africans committed not a few sins in Europe. North Africa's Barbary Coast pirates alone enslaved more Europeans than there were Africans taken in bondage to the United States, and North Africa's Moors invaded and subjugated Spain for centuries. (查看原文)
Because climates usually vary more from north to south than from east to west, knowledge of particular crops or the domestication and care of particular animals can travel for greater distances from east to west than from north to south. (查看原文)
The income ratio between the initially richest 20 nations and the initially poorest 20 declined from 23-to-one to less than ten-to-one. Freer and rising amounts of international trade ----globalization-----was in fact one of the reasons why some nations rose out of the bottom 20. (查看原文)
In reality, their populations are a majority of humanity, and in the world at large there is a continuum of incomes from the highest to the lowest, with no special break separating some nations' incomes from the incomes of others. Nor is there a racial divide. As Professor Bauer pointed out, 'in the Third World as a whole the whites outnumber the blacks.' (查看原文)
