The Psychology of Money

拒绝内卷，躺平从我做起。

读完这本书最大的收获就是对“富有”(wealth)一词有了新的感悟。曾经以为“富有”(wealth)=“有钱”(rich)，看完这本书后突然意识到“富有”(wealth)其实更多的是一种看不见的状态，是随时随地可以去做自己想做的事的资本，是无价的。而我们大多数人挣钱的目标便是买房子，车子，有了房子车子之后便想要更好的房子和更好的车子，这种追求物质富裕的行为其实在某种程度上是在满足自己的虚荣心，而非真正的享受买来的东西。

作者打了一个很好的比方：当你看到一辆法拉利停在路边时，你可能心里不禁会想‘我要是有辆法拉利该多好啊’。可是此刻大概率你关注的可能是坐在法拉利后座上的人以及幻想着如果自己坐在里面路人是何等羡慕地看着自己，而非那个坐在驾驶室的司机。

这个例子在我的脑袋上给我一击，不由得让我审视自己最近的购物欲：我是真的需要他们吗？还是希望能够通过拥有这些东西而拉近和周围人的距离，或是希望这些东西能让自己多获得一些他人羡慕的目光？

在这个互联网时代下，世界变小了，人和人的距离也缩短了。足不出户便可以知晓地球另一边的生活的模样。可与此同时，互联网也让大家误以为人与人之间的经济差距也缩小了。每日看着视频里的人住着大房子穿戴者奢侈品，那些活生生的人似乎与我们的距离如此之近，仿佛就是我们身边的朋友，看着他们所拥有的一切会让我们有一种幻觉——我们也有机会去拥有他们所拥有的。而其实我们与他们的经济水平可能差了好几位数。

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作者也提出了他对投资的一些看法，对我来说最有用的可能是调整好心态吧。作者以许多例子说明投资需要的是运气，不要期待买了一株股票就会有高回报，也不要期待在短时间里就可以看到收益。既然选择了这种会有风险的回报，那就要调整好心态。"Everthing has its price"：即便投资失败了，也可以把它当作是一种费用；而不是抱着赌博的心态，稍有损失，便失魂落魄。

除此之外，也要做好省钱计划，尽量保持较高的saving ratio。作者格外强调我们省钱并不是为了去购买某一样东西，而是为了为未来做准备，因为我们永远不知道未来究竟会发生什么。当我们活在幸福里的时候，很难会想到灾难会降临到自己身上。而当它真的来临了，如果我们没有任何准备的话，那只能认命。省钱并不意味着要牺牲自己的生活质量，而是要改变自己娱乐的方式。当我们不在追求rich的时候，物欲自然会减少，渐渐地也能发现身边其实有许多不需要很多花费而能让生活幸福的兴趣和活动，比如说读书、去树林里散步等等。

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除了以上自己的感悟外，其实作者还提到了许多其他关于投资以及人生的道理，看完之后突然理解了书名为什么叫做“Psycology of money”。

1. The premise of this book is that doing well with money has a little to do with how smart you are and a lot to do with how you behave. And behavior is hard to teach, even to really smart people. 2. One, financial outcomes are driven by luck, independent of intelligence and effort. That’s true to some extent, and this book will discuss it in further detail. Or, two (and I think more common), that financial success is not a hard science. It’s a soft skill, where how you behave is more important than what you know. I call this soft skill the psychology of money. 3.Your personal experiences with money make up maybe 0.00000001% of what’s happened in the world, but maybe 80% of how you think the world works. 4.The economists wrote: “Our findings suggest that individual investors’ willingness to bear risk depends on personal history.” 5.That kind of thing doesn’t just affect the opportunities you come across; it affects what you think about those opportunities when they’re presented to you. 6.For every Bill Gates there is a Kent Evans who was just as skilled and driven but ended up on the other side of life roulette. If you give luck and risk their proper respect, you realize that when judging people’s financial success—both your own and others’—it’s never as good or as bad as it seems. 7.Focus less on specific individuals and case studies and more on broad patterns. 8.Studying a specific person can be dangerous because we tend to study extreme examples—the billionaires, the CEOs, or the massive failures that dominate the news—and extreme examples are often the least applicable to other situations, given their complexity. The more extreme the outcome, the less likely you can apply its lessons to your own life, because the more likely the outcome was influenced by extreme ends of luck or risk. 9.The only way to know how much food you can eat is to eat until you’re sick. Few try this because vomiting hurts more than any meal is good. 10.good investing isn’t necessarily about earning the highest returns, because the highest returns tend to be one-off hits that can’t be repeated. It’s about earning pretty good returns that you can stick with and which can be repeated for the longest period of time. That’s when compounding runs wild. 11.there’s only one way to stay wealthy: some combination of frugality and paranoia. 12.Getting money requires taking risks, being optimistic, and putting yourself out there. But keeping money requires the opposite of taking risk. It requires humility, and fear that what you’ve made can be taken away from you just as fast. It requires frugality and an acceptance that at least some of what you’ve made is attributable to luck, so past success can’t be relied upon to repeat indefinitely. 13. 1. 1. 13.Compounding only works if you can give an asset years and years to grow. It’s like planting oak trees: A year of growth will never show much progress, 10 years can make a meanin gful difference, and 50 years can create something absolutely extraordinary. 14.A plan is only useful if it can survive reality. And a future filled with unknowns is everyone’s reality. A good plan doesn’t pretend this weren’t true; it embraces it and emphasizes room for error. The more you need specific elements of a plan to be true, the more fragile your financial life becomes. If there’s enough room for error in your savings rate that you can say, “It’d be great if the market returns 8% a year over the next 30 years, but if it only does 4% a year I’ll still be OK,” the more valuable your plan becomes. 15.optimistic about the future, but paranoid about what will prevent you from getting to the future 16.A good definition of an investing genius is the man or woman who can do the average thing when all those around them are going crazy. 17.“It’s not whether you’re right or wrong that’s important,” George Soros once said, “but how much money you make when you’re right and how much you lose when you’re wrong.” You can be wrong half the time and still make a fortune. 18.Having a strong sense of controlling one’s life is a more dependable predictor of positive feelings of wellbeing than any of the objective conditions of life we have considered. 19.There is a paradox here: people tend to want wealth to signal to others that they should be liked and admired. But in reality those other people often bypass admiring you, not because they don’t think wealth is admirable, but because they use your wealth as a benchmark for their own desire to be liked and admired. 20. one of the most powerful ways to increase your savings isn’t to raise your income. It’s to raise your humility. 21.So people’s ability to save is more in their control than they might think. Savings can be created by spending less. You can spend less if you desire less. And you will desire less if you care less about what others think of you. 22.experience leads to overconfidence more than forecasting ability 23.You have to survive to succeed. To repeat a point we’ve made a few times in this book: The ability to do what you want, when you want, for as long as you want, has an infinite ROI.