Erik Erikson understood human development in terms of the epigenetic principle, which states that every organism is born with a certain purpose and its successful development results in the fulfillment of this purpose 艾瑞克·埃里克森 将人的成长以表观遗传学的原则来理解 即生命体生来就有一个特定目的 其顺利成长取决于这个目的的完成. In Erikson’s own words, “anything that grows has a ground plan, and out of this the parts arise.任何生长之物都有一张平面图 各部分由此向上生长” He proposed that the human personality unfolds and evolves in eight predetermined stages. According to Erikson, this growth involves the constant interaction between heredity and environmental influences. (查看原文)
The eight stages
From here we enter adolescence and the fifth stage of “ego-identity versus role confusion. 自我认同 vs. 角色混乱” This is when we develop a coherent sense of who we are, through consideration of our past, present, and future. When successfully negotiated, this stage ensures a unified sense of self, but problems here can lead to an “identity crisis”—a term coined by Erikson.
During the sixth stage of “intimacy versus isolation,亲密感 vs. 隔离感” between the ages of 18 and 30, we build close relationships and experience love. The penultimate stage, “generativity versus stagnation, ” from 35 to 60, sees us working on behalf of future generations, or contributing to society through cultural activities or social activism. 倒数第二个阶段 35-60岁 “出产(工作或创造) vs. 迟滞” 为未来一代而工作 或通过文化活动社会... (查看原文)
