Empires of the Atlantic World

This epic history compares the empires built by Spain and Britain in the Americas, from Columbus's arrival in the New World to the end of Spanish colonial rule in the early nineteenth century. J. H. Elliott, one of the most distinguished and versatile historians working today, offers us history on a grand scale, contrasting the worlds built by Britain and by Spain on the ruins ...

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This epic history compares the empires built by Spain and Britain in the Americas, from Columbus's arrival in the New World to the end of Spanish colonial rule in the early nineteenth century. J. H. Elliott, one of the most distinguished and versatile historians working today, offers us history on a grand scale, contrasting the worlds built by Britain and by Spain on the ruins of the civilizations they encountered and destroyed in North and South America.

Elliott identifies and explains both the similarities and differences in the two empires' processes of colonization, the character of their colonial societies, their distinctive styles of imperial government, and the independence movements mounted against them. Based on wide reading in the history of the two great Atlantic civilizations, the book sets the Spanish and British colonial empires in the context of their own times and offers us insights into aspects of this dual history that still influence the Americas.

J. H. Elliott is Regius Professor Emeritus of Modern History, University of Oxford. His previous books include The Count-Duke of Olivares, A Palace for a King (with Jonathan Brown), and Spain and Its World, 1500-1700, all published by Yale University Press. Among the many honors he has received are the Wolfson Prize for History, the Prince of Asturias Prize for the Social Scien...

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J. H. Elliott is Regius Professor Emeritus of Modern History, University of Oxford. His previous books include The Count-Duke of Olivares, A Palace for a King (with Jonathan Brown), and Spain and Its World, 1500-1700, all published by Yale University Press. Among the many honors he has received are the Wolfson Prize for History, the Prince of Asturias Prize for the Social Sciences, and the Balzan Prize for History.

List of Illustrations vii
List of Maps xi
Introduction. Worlds Overseas xiii
Note on the Text xxi
Part 1. Occupation
1. Intrusion and Empire 3
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List of Illustrations vii
List of Maps xi
Introduction. Worlds Overseas xiii
Note on the Text xxi
Part 1. Occupation
1. Intrusion and Empire 3
Hernán Cortés and Christopher Newport; motives and methods
2. Occupying American Space 29
Symbolic occupation; physical occupation; peopling the land
3. Confronting American Peoples 57
A mosaic of peoples; Christianity and civility; coexistence and
segregation
4. Exploiting American Resources 88
Plunder and ‘improvement’; labour supply; transatlantic economies
Part 2. Consolidation
5. Crown and Colonists 117
The framework of empire; authority and resistance
6. The Ordering of Society 153
Hierarchy and control; social antagonism and emerging elites
7. America as Sacred Space 184
God’s providential design; the church and society; a plurality of creeds
8. Empire and Identity 219
Transatlantic communities; creole communities; cultural communities
Part 3. Emancipation
9. Societies on the Move 255
Expanding populations; moving frontiers; slave and free
10. War and Reform 292
The Seven Years War and imperial defence; the drive for reform;
redefining imperial relationships
11. Empires in Crisis 325
Ideas in ferment; a community divided; a crisis contained
12. A New World in the Making 369
The search for legitimacy; the end of empire; the emancipation of
America: contrasting experiences
Epilogue 403
List of Abbreviations 412
Notes 413
Bibliography 481
Index 517
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