创造高清3D虚拟世界：Unity引擎HDRP高清渲染管线实战

第1章　HDRP入门......................................................................................................1
1.1　摘要 .................................................................................................................................1
1.2　离线渲染和实时渲染 .....................................................................................................8
1.2.1　建模功能（ProBuilder、ProGrid和PolyBrush套件）.....................................8
1.2.2　Timeline（非线编工具）................................................................................9
1.2.3　Cinemachine（智能摄像机系统）..................................................................9
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第1章　HDRP入门......................................................................................................1
1.1　摘要 .................................................................................................................................1
1.2　离线渲染和实时渲染 .....................................................................................................8
1.2.1　建模功能（ProBuilder、ProGrid和PolyBrush套件）.....................................8
1.2.2　Timeline（非线编工具）................................................................................9
1.2.3　Cinemachine（智能摄像机系统）..................................................................9
1.2.4　HD.Post.Processing.Effect（HDRP专用后期特效模块）...............................9
1.2.5　可视化着色器编程工具Shader.Graph. .............................................................9
1.2.6　高级特效开发工具Visual.Effect.Graph............................................................9
1.2.7　视频和动画输出工具Unity.Recorder..............................................................9
1.2.8　HDRP针对不同材质的模拟......................................................................... 10
1.3　在DCC软件中准备模型资产 ............................................10
1.3.1　在DCC软件中使用的尺寸单位要与Unity统一. ........................................... 10
1.3.2　只在需要的地方使用三角面......................................................................... 11
1.3.3　纹理制作........................................................................................................ 11
1.3.4　支持FBX、USD和Alembic格式的资产导入. ................................................ 11
1.3.5　Unity.Reflect支持导入Autodesk.Revit资产.................................................. 11
1.4　Unity HDRP项目设置 ..............................................................12
1.4.1　创建一个基于高清渲染管线（HDRP）的Unity项目................................. 12
1.4.2　通过示例项目了解HDRP相关的概念和模块.............................................. 16
1.5　学习渠道 .......................................................................................................................52
1.6　本章总结 .......................................................................................................................53
第2章　实现市政厅办公室场景....................................................................................54
2.1　摘要 ...............................................................................................................................54
2.2　实战项目详解 ...............................................................................................................55
2.2.1　使用Volume框架设置环境............................................................................ 58
2.2.2　添加屏幕后处理效果.................................................................................... 62
2.2.3　添加光源、Light.Probe（光照探针）和Reflection.Probe（反射探针）.....64
2.2.4　烘焙光照贴图................................................................................................ 69
2.3　本章总结 .......................................................................................................................74
第3章　HDRP配置文件和Volume框架详解. .................................................................75
3.1　摘要 ...............................................................................................................................75
3.2　HDRP配置文件（HDRP Asset）介绍 ...................................................75
3.2.1　Frame.Settings（帧设置）............................................................................. 75
3.2.2　Volume框架................................................................................................... 77
3.2.3　针对不同平台使用不同的HDRP配置文件.................................................. 94
3.3　Volume框架详解 .......................................................96
3.3.1　Exposure（曝光控制）.................................................................................. 99
3.3.2　Fog（雾效制作）.........................................................................................110
3.3.3　Lighting（光照）..........................................................................................121
3.3.4　Material（材质）..........................................................................................121
3.3.5　Shadowing（阴影处理）..............................................................................122
3.3.6　Sky（天空）.................................................................................................122
3.3.7　Post-processing（后处理）..........................................................................126
3.3.8　Ray.Tracing（实时光线追踪）....................................................................126
3.3.9　Local.Volume（本地Volume）使用示例.....................................................126
3.4　本章总结 .....................................................................................................................130
第4章　HDRP光照系统详解.....................................................................................131
4.1　摘要 .............................................................................................................................131
4.2　Sponza_Day_Lighting场景打光步骤解析 ............................................131
4.2.1　步骤1：启用Scene.Settings.Volume..............................................................134
4.2.2　步骤2：启用Directional.Light（平行光）...................................................136
4.2.3　步骤3：启用Volume中的自动曝光控制......................................................138
4.2.4　步骤4：启用所有灯笼模型和点光源..........................................................139
4.2.5　步骤5：启用场景中所有反射探针（Reflection.Probe）............................140
4.2.6　步骤6：启用场景中的光照探针组（Light.Probe.Group）.........................143
4.2.7　步骤7：完成整个场景的光照烘焙..............................................................145
4.2.8　步骤8：增强间接光强度..............................................................................150
4.2.9　步骤9：处理阴影和环境光遮蔽..................................................................154
4.2.10　步骤10：添加雾效. .....................................................................................166
4.2.11　步骤11：画面抗锯齿处理..........................................................................168
4.2.12　步骤12：添加后处理Volume组件. .............................................................171
4.3　Sponza_Night_Lighting场景打光步骤解析 ...........................................173
4.3.1　修改Directional.Light设置. ............................................................................173
4.3.2　修改Scene.Settings.Volume→HDRI.Sky设置...............................................174
4.3.3　修改Scene.Settings.Volume→Exposure（曝光）设置..................................174
4.3.4　修改Scene.Settings.Volume→Fog（雾效）设置..........................................175
4.3.5　修改Scene.Settings.Volume→Contact.Shadow（接触阴影）设置.......175
4.3.6　修改Post.Processing.Volume→Color.Adjustment（颜色调整）设置...........175
4.3.7　修改Post.Processing.Volume→White.Balance（白平衡）设置....................176
4.4　光源类型和模式 .........................................................................................................177
4.4.1　Unity中的光源类型有哪几种. ......................................................................177
4.4.2　Unity中的光照单位......................................................................................200
4.4.3　如何制作和使用Light.Cookie为灯光添加更多细节....................................201
4.4.4　光照相关的常见问题汇总............................................................................204
4.5　光源分层 .....................................................................................................................212
4.5.1　光源分层的作用...........................................................................................212
4.5.2　光源分层实例讲解.......................................................................................212
4.6　使用光照探针 .............................................................................................................217
4.6.1　为什么要使用光照探针. ...............................................................................217
4.6.2　使用光照探针的基本步骤............................................................................218
4.6.3　Mesh.Renderer组件中的Probes选项详解.....................................................223
4.6.4　如何使用Mesh.Renderer组件的Probes→Anchor.Override参数. ........227
4.6.5　如果打开了Lighting窗口中Debug.Settings中的All.Probes.No.Cells选项，但是在Scene窗口看不到光照探针如何处理. ...............................................230
4.7　使用Reflection Probe为场景提供反射信息 ..........................................231
4.7.1　Screen.Space.Reflection（屏幕空间反射）..................................................231
4.7.2　Reflection.Probe（反射探针）.....................................................................233
4.7.3　Sky.reflection（天空反射）..........................................................................242
4.8　阴影 .............................................................................................................................242
4.8.1　阴影的种类和三种光照模式........................................................................242
4.8.2　两种Shadowmask模式下的阴影表现. ...........................................................244
4.8.3　阴影的最大投射距离设置............................................................................248
4.8.4　Distance.Shadowmask和Shadowmask两种模式对性能的影响. .............248
4.9　本章总结 .....................................................................................................................249
第5章　Lightmapping（光照烘焙）详解. ...................................................................250
5.1　摘要 .............................................................................................................................250
5.2　渐进式光照贴图烘焙对场景中的模型有什么要求 .................................................252
5.3　渐进式光照贴图烘焙对硬件的要求是什么？支持Unity的哪些渲染管线 .....257
5.4　进行渐进式光照贴图烘焙时烘焙出来的是什么 .....................................................257
5.5　渐进式光照贴图烘焙的CPU版本和GPU版本有什么区别 ..................261
5.6　光照贴图烘焙界面参数详解 .....................................................................................261
5.7　不同显卡对GPU版本的烘焙效率有什么影响 ................................275
5.8　相同场景使用CPU烘焙需要多长时间 .............................................279
5.9　为什么GPU版本在烘焙的过程中，有时会自动切换成CPU版本 ..............279
5.10　如何避免GPU烘焙自动切换成CPU烘焙 ..............................................280
5.11　如何解决光照贴图接缝问题 ..............................................................282
5.12　如何整体地查看光照贴图的不同组成部分 .......................................283
5.13　如何查看场景中的模型在光照贴图中的位置？
如何调整模型在光照贴图中的占比大小 ...............................................................284
5.14　本章总结 ........................................................................288
第6章　HDRP材质详解...........................................................................................289
6.1　摘要 .............................................................................................................................289
6.2　使用Lit着色器制作典型材质 ....................................................................................290
6.2.1　木头材质.......................................................................................................290
6.2.2　冰箱材质.......................................................................................................298
6.2.3　陶瓷材质.......................................................................................................300
6.2.4　（普通）玻璃材质.......................................................................................306
6.2.5　（带折射的）玻璃材质. ...............................................................................312
6.2.6　半透明材质和次表面散射材质....................................................................317
6.2.7　自发光材质...................................................................................................327
6.2.8　Decal（贴花）的具体使用方法...................................................................330
6.3　渲染器和材质优先级 .................................................................................................339
6.4　使用HDRP自带的示例材质库 ...........................................340
6.4.1　金属箔材质...................................................................................................342
6.4.2　肥皂泡材质...................................................................................................345
6.5　本章总结 .....................................................................................................................348
第7章　Post.Processing后处理详解. ........................................................................350
7.1　摘要 .............................................................................................................................350
7.2　为场景添加后处理效果的步骤 .................................................................................351
7.3　后处理效果应用顺序和效果组合 .............................................................................351
7.4　HDRP中的后处理效果 .....................................................352
7.4.1　Tonemapping（色调映射）.........................................................................353
7.4.2　White.Balance（白平衡）............................................................................354
7.4.3　Bloom（泛光）............................................................................................354
7.4.4　Film.Grain（胶片颗粒）..............................................................................356
7.4.5　Depth.of.Field（景深）................................................................................357
7.4.6　Panini.Projection（帕尼尼投影）................................................................359
7.4.7　Lens.Distortion（镜头畸变）.......................................................................360
7.4.8　Motion.Blur（运动模糊）. ...........................................................................360
7.4.9　Chromatic.Aberration（色差）.....................................................................362
7.4.10　Vignette（晕映）........................................................................................363
7.4.11　Lift、Gamma和Gain（颜色分级）.............................................................364
7.4.12　Channel.Mixer（通道混合）......................................................................365
7.4.13　Color.Curve（颜色曲线）.........................................................................366
7.4.14　Color.Adjustment（颜色调整）.................................................................367
7.4.15　Split.Toning（分离调色）..........................................................................368
7.4.16　Shadow、Midtones、Highlights（阴影、中间调、高光）.......................369
7.5　本章总结 .....................................................................................................................370
第8章　HDRP.Debug窗口介绍................................................................................371
8.1　摘要 .............................................................................................................................371
8.2　Material（材质）相关的Debug窗口 ................................................372
8.3　Lighting（光照）相关的Debug窗口 ........................................374
8.4　Camera（相机）相关的Debug窗口 .......................................376
8.5　MatCap显示模式的使用方法 ............................................................378
8.6　本章总结 .....................................................................................................................380
第9章　HDRP在VR中的应用...................................................................................381
9.1　摘要 .............................................................................................................................381
9.2　HDRP VR支持的平台 ....................................................................381
9.2.1　系统要求.......................................................................................................381
9.2.2　支持的平台...................................................................................................382
9.3　配置HDRP项目以支持VR ........................................................382
9.4　可以应用到VR中的HDRP功能 ................................................387
9.5　将市政厅办公室场景转换成HDRP VR ....................................388
9.5.1　配置HDRP+VR...........................................................................................388
9.5.2　配置XR.Plug-in.Management......................................................................388
9.5.3　添加XR.Interaction.Toolkit..........................................................................388
9.5.4　创建XR.Rig、控制器和瞬移区域...............................................................389
9.5.5　创建转向系统...............................................................................................395
9.5.6　创建可交互物体...........................................................................................396
9.5.7　构建项目到设备...........................................................................................397
9.6　在VR设备中进行Debug ..............................................398
9.7　本章总结 .....................................................................................................................400
第10章　HDRP.Custom.Pass应用..........................................................................401
10.1　摘要 .................................................................401
10.2　Custom Pass实例解析 ..................................................401
10.2.1　实例讲解1...................................................................................................402
10.2.2　实例讲解2...................................................................................................407
10.3　如何查看Custom Pass的渲染阶段 ..................................408
10.4　本章总结 .....................................................................................409
第11章　HDRP实时光线追踪项目应用......................................................................410
11.1　摘要 .................................................................................410
11.1.1　运行光追应用所需的软硬件......................................................................411
11.1.2　Unity光追功能在编辑器中的位置.............................................................411
11.2　配置HDRP光追项目 .........................................................414
11.2.1　将普通HDRP项目升级到支持光追的HDRP项目....................................414
11.2.2　进一步设置HDRP配置文件（HDRP.Asset）启用相关的光追功能. .......417
11.2.3　在HDRP.Default.Settings界面启用相机的Frame.Settings中的光追功能.....421
11.2.4　在Scene窗口打开相机的抗锯齿功能和启用刷新设置..............................422
11.3　光追功能的使用方法 ..............................................................423
11.3.1　环境光遮蔽.................................................................................................424
11.3.2　屏幕空间反射.............................................................................................427
11.3.3　屏幕空间全局光.........................................................................................431
11.3.4　Light.Cluster的使用.....................................................................................433
11.3.5　屏幕空间阴影.............................................................................................439
11.3.6　次表面散射.................................................................................................443
11.3.7　递归式渲染.................................................................................................450
11.3.8　路径追踪.....................................................................................................453
11.4　本章总结 ..............................................................457
附录A　基于物理的光照单位和参考数值（参考自Unity.HDRP官方文档）........458
附录B　色温（Color.Temperature）.......................................................................463
附录C　在Unity中制作高质量的光照效果...................................................................464
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