1 Perturbative Approach to Hard Processes and Jets
1.1 Space–Time Picture of QCD Bremsstrahlung . . . . . .
1.1.1 Field Regeneration Time and Hadronization . .
1.1.2 QCD Bremsstrahlung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.3 Parton Formation Time and PT Boundary . . .
1.1.4 “Gluers” and their Role in Color Blanching . .
1.2 Partons in Field Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1 Leading Logarithmic Approximation . . . . . .
1.2.2 Notations and Kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.3 Parton Ladder Building . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.4 Renormalization of the Ladder . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.5 Running Coupling in Parton Cascades . . . . .
1.2.6 Virtual and Inclusive corrections to a ladder cell
1.3 DGLAP Evolution Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1 Evolution Equations in an Integral Form . . . .
1.3.2 Cancellation of Soft Divergences . . . . . . . . .
1.3.3 Splitting Functions and Relations between them
1.3.4 Solution of Evolution Equations . . . . . . . . .
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Spin Dependent DIS and the Axial Anomaly
2.1 The Box Graph, the Triangle Graph and the OPE . . . . .
2.1.1 The Box Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2 The Triangle Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.3 The Operator Product Expansion . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Partonic Interpretation of Spin Dependent DIS . . . . . . .
2.2.1 Phenomenological Definitions of Quarks and Gluons
2.2.2 Light-Cone Wave Function Definition of Partons . .
2.3 Parton and Constituent Quark Model of Hadrons . . . . .
2.4 The Experimental Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Exclusive Reactions and Color Transparency
3.1 Review of Exclusive Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1 The Hard Scattering and Landshoff Pictures
3.1.2 The Sudakov Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.3 The Elastic Form Factor . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Almost Exclusive Reactions in Nuclei . . . . . . . .
3.2.1 Quasielastic Proton Scattering on Nuclei . .
3.2.2 Quasielastic Electron Scattering on Nuclei .
3.3 Evolution of Compact Quark Systems . . . . . . . .
3.3.1 Classical Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2 Quantum Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Guide to Color Coherence
4.1 Angular Ordered Parton Cascades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Angular Ordering in Initial State Radiation .
4.3 The Origin of Hump-Backed QCD Plateau . .
4.4 Radiation pattern for the qq Antenna . . . .
4.5 Wave Nature of Drag Effects . . . . . . . . .
4.6 Two-particle Correlations . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7 Feynman–Gribov Puzzle and QCD Coherence
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Double Logarithmic Approximation
5.1 Tree Multigluon Amplitudes for e + e − → qq + Ng . . . .
5.1.1 Two Gluon Emission off a Quark . . . . . . . .
5.1.2 Angular Ordering for N = 2 . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Angular Ordering in All Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 Virtual Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Method of Generating Functionals . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4.1 Exclusive and Inclusive Cross Sections . . . . .
5.4.2 Generating Functional (GF)s for g and q Jets .
5.5 Multiplicity Distributions in QCD Jets . . . . . . . . .
5.6 KNO Phenomenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.6.1 Recurrency Relations for Multiplicity Moments
5.6.2 Analytic Solution of the KNO Problem . . . . .
5.7 Particle Distributions and Correlations . . . . . . . . .
5.7.1 Energy Spectrum of Particles in Jet . . . . . . .
5.7.2 Correlations Between Particles in Jet . . . . . .
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Modified Leading Logarithmic Approximation
6.1 Single Logarithmic Corrections to DLA Cascades . . . . . . .
6.2 MLLA Evolution Equations for Intrajet Cascades. . . . . . .
6.3 Pattern of Multiple Gluon Bremsstrahlung . . . .
6.3.1 The BCM Ansatz and the Dipole Scheme .
6.3.2 Construction of the Probabilistic Scheme .
6.3.3 Jet Polarizability and Color Monsters . . .
6.3.4 Magnitude of Dipole Corrections . . . . .
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 MLLA Hump-Backed Plateau
7.1 Evolution Equation for Particle Spectra . . . . .
7.2 Analytic Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 Developed Cascade and LPHD Hypothesis . . .
7.4 Mean Parton Multiplicity . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5 Shape of the Limiting Spectrum . . . . . . . . .
7.5.1 Gaussian Approximation . . . . . . . . .
7.5.2 Mean Value of ln x . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5.3 Width of the Hump . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5.4 Skewness and the Peak Position . . . . .
7.6 Evaluation of the Limiting Spectrum . . . . . .
7.7 Preexponential Corrections to the Spectrum . .
7.8 Spectra in Jets with Restricted Opening Angles
7.9 Phenomenology of Hump-Backed Plateau . . .
7.9.1 Mean Particle Multiplicities . . . . . . .
7.9.2 Inclusive Particle Spectra . . . . . . . .
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 The Physical Picture of Shadowing in Nuclei
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 Small x Lepton-Nucleus DIS in the Parton Model . . . . . . .
8.2.1 The Infinite Momentum Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2.2 The Laboratory Frame . . . . . . . . . .
8.3 Deeply Inelastic Scattering in QCD . . . . . . .
8.3.1 Infinite Momentum Frame . . . . . . . .
8.3.2 The Laboratory System . . . . . . . . .
8.4 Dilute Versus Dense Domains of Partons . . . .
8.5 QCD Phenomenology of Shadowing . . . . . . .
8.6 Massive µ-Pairs from Hadron-Nucleus Collisions
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 Radiophysics of QCD Jets
9.1 On Structure of Particle Flows in Multijet Events
9.2 QCD Portrait of an “Individual Jet” . . . . . . .
9.2.1 Collimation of Energy in Jet . . . . . . . .
9.2.2 Energy Spectrum Within a Given Cone . .
9.2.3 Collimation of Multiplicity Inside Jet . . .
9.3 Multiplicity Flow Pattern for qqg Ensemble . . .
9.3.1 Radiation Pattern for qqγ-events . . . . .
9.3.2 Radiation Pattern for qqg-events . . . . .
9.3.3 Average Multiplicity of 3-jet events . . . .
9.4 QCD Drag Effect in Interjet Particle Flows . . . .
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 Collective Color Phenomena in Hadronic Scattering
10.1 QCD Coherence in High–p ⊥ Collisions . . . . . . . . .
10.2 Color Transfer and Particle Flows . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3 Two-Jet Production at Large p ⊥ . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.4 Prompt γ, W , Z Production at Large p ⊥ . . . . . . .
10.5 Color Structure of Heavy Quark Production . . . . . .
10.6 Azimuthal Asymmetry of QCD Jets . . . . . . . . . .
10.6.1 Jet Asymmetry in e + e − annihilation
10.6.2 Jet Asymmetry in hadron scattering
10.7 Lessons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix: Radiation in Parton–Parton Scattering
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index. Abbreviations
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