The Taiji Government and the Rise of the Warrior State

Read The Taiji Government and you will discover a bold and original revisionist interpretation of the formation of the Qing imperial constitution. Contrary to conventional wisdom, which portrays the Qing empire as a Chinese bureaucratic state that colonized Inner Asia, this book contends quite the reverse. It reveals the Qing as a Warrior State, a Manchu-Mongolian aristocratic ...

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Read The Taiji Government and you will discover a bold and original revisionist interpretation of the formation of the Qing imperial constitution. Contrary to conventional wisdom, which portrays the Qing empire as a Chinese bureaucratic state that colonized Inner Asia, this book contends quite the reverse. It reveals the Qing as a Warrior State, a Manchu-Mongolian aristocratic union and a Buddhist caesaropapist monarchy. In painstaking detail, brushstroke by brushstroke, the author urges you to picture how the Mongolian aristocratic government, the Inner Asian military-oriented numerical divisional system, the technique of conquest rule, and the Mongolian doctrine of a universal Buddhist empire together created the last of the Inner Asian empires that conquered and ruled what is now China.

Lhamsuren Munkh-Erdene, Ph.D. (2004), Hokkaido University, is Professor of History and Anthropology at National University of Mongolia, and a Visiting Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology. He has published articles on the Inner Asian political order, including “The Rise of the Chinggisid Dynasty: Pre-modern Eurasian Political Order and Culture at a Glance”...

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Lhamsuren Munkh-Erdene, Ph.D. (2004), Hokkaido University, is Professor of History and Anthropology at National University of Mongolia, and a Visiting Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology. He has published articles on the Inner Asian political order, including “The Rise of the Chinggisid Dynasty: Pre-modern Eurasian Political Order and Culture at a Glance”.

Acknowledgments
List of Maps and Figures
List of Abbreviations
Note on Transcription and Translation
Introduction
1 The Qing Inner Asian Political Order
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Acknowledgments
List of Maps and Figures
List of Abbreviations
Note on Transcription and Translation
Introduction
1 The Qing Inner Asian Political Order
1The Qing Constitution: The Triumph of the Bureaucratic-Colonial Model
2The Qing Tributary System: Suzerain–Vassal State Relations
3The Manchu Colonialism: Chinese Defensive Empire into Chinese Conquest Empire
4Manchu’s Mongolian Social Revolution
5The Chinggisid Taiji Government and Mongolia and the Qing
2 Alliance to Coalition
1Pre-1636 Manchu-Mongolian Relations: Alliance to Tutelage?
2Manchu-Mongolian Princely Treaties: Defensive Alliances
3Manchu-Khorchin Engagement and Manchu Dependence on Khorchin
4The Creation of External Mongolia and the Formation of a Multilateral Coalition
5The Coalition, Assembly, Codes, and Leadership
3 The Manchu Conquest: Winner Takes All
1Shifting Borders: Qurban Tsönggereg to Shariljitai to Shonkhor
2Changing Stories: Ligdan’s Flight or Hong Taiji’s Defeat?
3The Demise of the Mongolian Great State and the Rise of the Daiching State
4Ligdan: From Lawful Great Khan to Quixotic Delusional Dreamer
5Charisma: The Very Essence of Inner Asian Politics
4 From the Taishi Government to the Taiji Government
1The Mongol Empire and the Northern Yuan Dynasty
2The Taishi Government and Its Demise
3Dayan Khanid Reign: The Rise of the Taiji Government
4The Taiji Government Structure: A Federal Constitutional Monarchy
5 The Taiji Government: A Parliamentary Aristocracy
1The Seven Khoshuus or the Khalkha Tümen
2An Aristocratic Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy
3The Chuulgan: An Aristocratic Parliament
4The Jasag: An Appointed Central Government
5The Khoshuu: Autonomous Lordship and Government Unit
6The Northern Yuan: An Inner Asian Parallel to the Holy Roman Empire
6 The Rise and Fall of the Jaisang Government
1The Destruction of the Great State: Contrary-to-Government Deeds
2The Abolishment of Taiji Government: Ligdan’s Reform and Princely Revolts
3The Dissolution of Tümen-Khanates
4The Saghang Saga: A Coup and the Demise of the Mongol Empire
5The Proclamation of the Daiching Ulus: A United Manchu–Mongolian State
7 Aimag and Pre-Modern Mongolia in Modern Euro-Sinocentric Vision
1Bichurin’s Foresight: Aimag from Principalities to Tribes to Secondary Tribes
2Aimag and Mongolia in Modern Euro-Sinocentric Vision
3Archaeology of Aimag or External Aimag
4The External Aimags: Mongolian Principalities
5The Internal Aimags: Manchu Principalities
8 The Daiching Ulus and Mongolia: An Inner Asian Aristocratic Federation
1Conferral Letter: Covenant as Investiture
2Covenant, Pillars, and Co-Rulers: One Accord, Mutual Reliance, and Tüshiyetü Khan
3The Daiching Ulus: An Inner Asian Aristocratic Federation
4The Daiching Gurun as Pax Manjurica and Pax Mongolica
9 The Mongolian World Order and the Daiching Ulus
1The Chakravartin Monarchy and the Great State of Five Colors and Four Aliens
2The Altanid Redefinition: The Dyarchy of Aristocracy and Theocracy
3For the Sake of the Government and the Faith: Seeking the Qubilaid Legitimacy
4Claiming ’Phags-pa’s Seat
10 The Rivalry of the Daiching Ulus and the Döchin and Dörben
1The Rise of the Döchin and Dörben
2The Daiching Ulus and the Döchin and Dörben Hostility
3The Qing and the Khalkha Treaty
4Turmoil in the Döchin and Dörben: Structural Problems within the Regime
5The Khüren Belchir Assembly and Zanabazar’s Justice
6The Failure at the Khüren Belchir Assembly
7The Destruction of the Döchin and Dörben
11 The Empire of the Two Norms
1The Dalai Lama and the Making of the Manjushri Chakravartin Khan
2The Taiji Government: Mutual Reliance and the Guest State
3The Manjushri Chakravartin Monarch: The Patron and the Protector of the Faith
4Surpassing Qubilai: Consolidation of the Government of the Two Norms
Conclusion
References
Index
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