Multilevel Selection

This book embeds a novel evolutionary analysis of human group selection within a comprehensive overview of multilevel selection theory, a theory wherein evolution proceeds at the level of individual organisms and collectives, such as human families, tribes, states, and empires. Where previous works on the topic have variously supported multilevel selection with logic, theory, e...

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This book embeds a novel evolutionary analysis of human group selection within a comprehensive overview of multilevel selection theory, a theory wherein evolution proceeds at the level of individual organisms and collectives, such as human families, tribes, states, and empires. Where previous works on the topic have variously supported multilevel selection with logic, theory, experimental data, or via review of the zoological literature; in this book the authors uniquely establish the validity of human group selection as a historical evolutionary process within a multilevel selection framework.

Select portions of the historical record are examined from a multilevel selectionist perspective, such that clashing civilizations, decline and fall, law, custom, war, genocide, ostracism, banishment, and the like are viewed with the end of understanding their implications for internal cohesion, external defense, and population demography. In doing so, its authors advance the potential for further interdisciplinary study in fostering, for instance, the convergence of history and biology. This work will provide fresh insights not only for evolutionists but also for researchers working across the social sciences and humanities.

1 An Intellectual History of Multilevel Selection fromDarwin to Dawkins
Aurelio José Figueredo, Steven C. Hertler, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
1 Introduction
2 Darwin and the Descent of Man
3 From Heterodoxy to Heretical Anathema
4 Kin Selection and Inclusive Fitness Theory
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1 An Intellectual History of Multilevel Selection fromDarwin to Dawkins
Aurelio José Figueredo, Steven C. Hertler, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
1 Introduction
2 Darwin and the Descent of Man
3 From Heterodoxy to Heretical Anathema
4 Kin Selection and Inclusive Fitness Theory
5 Reciprocal Altruism
6 The Gene’s-Eye View
7 Conclusions
References
2 An Intellectual History of Multilevel Selection: Reformulation and Resuscitation
Steven C. Hertler, Aurelio José Figueredo, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
1 The Resurgence of Group Selection
2 Neo-group Selectionism
3 Pressing the Offensive
4 Commentary on the Controversy
5 Multiple Levels of Aggregation: A Brief Illustrative Survey
6 Conclusions
References
3 Theoretical Foundations of Multilevel Selection Among Humans
Steven C. Hertler, Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre, and Aurelio José Figueredo
1 Introduction
2 Cultural Evolution Theories
3 Gene-Culture Coevolution
4 Cultural Group Selection: The Case of Morality and Moralistic Punishment
5 Cultural Group Selection: The Case of Religion
6 Multilevel Section Expanded
7 Conclusions
References
4 Aggregation: From Ethnic and Regional Competition to Group Selection at the Level of States and Nations
Steven C. Hertler, Aurelio José Figueredo, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
1 Introduction
2 Primate Despotism and the Evolution of Human Supralocal Societies
3 Egalitarian and Stratified Systems
4 The Nomad and the Cultivator
5 Did War Make the State?
6 Asabiyyah
7 The Ecology of Asabiyyah
8 Conclusions
References
5 Growth, Maintenance, Control, and Competition
Steven C. Hertler, Aurelio José Figueredo, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
1 Introduction
2 Of Men and Myths: Heroes, Hero Worship, and National Narratives
3 Propaganda
4 Compelling Compliance: Punishment from the Bottom-Up and the Top-Down
5 Societal Interdependence via Systemic Differentiation
6 Removing Impediments to Growth: Ethnic Closure, Chosen Peoples, and Mortal Men
7 Conclusions
References
6 Decline
Steven C. Hertler, Aurelio José Figueredo, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
1 Introduction
2 The Scylla of Stagnation and the Charybdis of Progress
3 Disunity: From Patrician Parasitism to Faction, Rebellion, and Revolution
4 “Mystical” Theories of Decline
5 Operationalizing Asabiyyah
6 Conclusions
References
7 The Collapse and Regeneration of Complex Societies
Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre, Aurelio José Figueredo, and Steven C. Hertler
1 Introduction
2 Defining Sociopolitical Collapse
3 Multilevel Dynamics and Collapse
4 Cycles of Decline
5 Cultural Innovations, Institutional Robustness, and Resource Availability
6 Summary
References
8 Chimpanzee Intercommunity Conflict: Fitness Outcomes, Power Imbalances, and Multilevel Selection
Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre, Aurelio José Figueredo, and Steven C. Hertler
1 Introduction
2 Chimpanzee Intercommunity Conflict from an Adaptationist Perspective
3 Intercommunity Conflict and Individual Fitness Outcomes
4 Intergroup Killings and Power Imbalances in Chimpanzees
5 Chimpanzee Intercommunity Conflict and Multilevel Selection
6 Conclusions
References
9 Lethal Intergroup Competition in Non-State Societies: From Small-Scale Raids to Large-Scale Battles
Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre, Aurelio José Figueredo, and Steven C. Hertler
1 Introduction
2 Intergroup Violence in Warlike Societies
3 Revenge and Residence Patterns
4 Parochial Altruism and Group Differentiation
5 Ultrasociality and the Evolution of Large-Scale Warfare
6 Conclusions
References
10 The Sociopolitical Integrity of the Roman State: Intragroup Competition, Intergroup Competition, and Economic Dynamics
Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre, Aurelio José Figueredo, and Steven C. Hertler
1 Introduction
2 Roman Physical Ecology
3 Intergroup and Intragroup Competition in the Roman Republic
4 Intergroup and Intragroup Competition During the Principate and the Dominate
5 Empirical Examination: Methods
6 Empirical Examination: Analyses
7 Empirical Examination: Results
8 Conclusions
References
11 Dear Enemies: French and English Power Ratios
Aurelio José Figueredo, Steven C. Hertler, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
1 Introduction
2 Historical Review
3 Biohistorical Analyses
4 The Role of Limiting Similarity Theory
5 Conclusions
References
12 Expansion, Fission, and Decline: England and Anglo America
Aurelio José Figueredo, Steven C. Hertler, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
1 Introduction
2 Malthusianism: A Temporary Respite
3 Climate Change
4 Expanding Ecological Niche Space in the Age of Exploration
5 The British Agricultural Revolution
6 The Industrial Revolution
7 Compositional Changes Following from Demographic Growth
8 Biohistorical Analyses
9 Conclusions
References
Epilogue: The Case for Multilevel Selection
Aurelio José Figueredo, Steven C. Hertler, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
Index
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