introduction to logic

This very comprehensive Introduction to Logic covers:

• syllogisms;

• informal aspects of reasoning (like meaning and fallacies);

• ind uctive reasoning;

• propositional and quantificational logic;

• modal, deontic, and belief logic;

• the formalization of an ethical view about the golden rule; and

• metalogic, history of logic, deviant logic, and philosophy of logic.

Different...

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This very comprehensive Introduction to Logic covers:

• syllogisms;

• informal aspects of reasoning (like meaning and fallacies);

• ind uctive reasoning;

• propositional and quantificational logic;

• modal, deontic, and belief logic;

• the formalization of an ethical view about the golden rule; and

• metalogic, history of logic, deviant logic, and philosophy of logic.

Different parts can be used in a range of logic courses, from basic introductions to graduate courses. The teachers manual and the end of Chapter 1 both talk about which chapters fit which type of course.

LogiCola (with a score-processing program, teachers manual, class slides, flash cards, and sample quizzes) can be downloaded for free from any of these Web addresses:

http://www.harryhiker.com/lc

http://www.harrycola.com/lc

http://www.routledge.com/cw/gensler

Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Logic
1.2 Valid arguments
1.3 Sound arguments
1.4 The plan of this book
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Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Logic
1.2 Valid arguments
1.3 Sound arguments
1.4 The plan of this book
2 Syllogistic Logic
2.1 Easier translations
2.2 The star test
2.3 English arguments
2.4 Harder translations
2.5 Deriving conclusions
2.6 Venn diagrams
2.7 Idiomatic arguments
2.8 The Aristotelian view
3 Meaning and Definitions
3.1 Uses of language
3.2 Lexical definitions
3.3 Stipulative definitions
3.4 Explaining meaning
3.5 Making distinctions
3.6 Analytic and synthetic
3.7 A priori and a posteriori
4 Fallacies and Argumentation
4.1 Good arguments
4.2 Informal fallacies
4.3 Inconsistency
4.4 Constructing arguments
4.5 Analyzing arguments
5 Inductive Reasoning
Contents
5.1 The statistical syllogism
5.2 Probability calculations
5.3 Philosophical questions
5.4 Reasoning from a sample
5.5 Analogical reasoning
5.6 Analogy and other minds
5.7 Mill’s methods
5.8 Scientific laws
5.9 Best-explanation reasoning
5.10 Problems with induction
6 Basic Propositional Logic
6.1 Easier translations
6.2 Basic truth tables
6.3 Truth evaluations
6.4 Unknown evaluations
6.5 Complex truth tables
6.6 The truth-table test
6.7 The truth-assignment test
6.8 Harder translations
6.9 Idiomatic arguments
6.10 S-rules
6.11 I-rules
6.12 Mixing S- and I-rules
6.13 Extended inferences
6.14 Logic and computers
7 Propositional Proofs
7.1 Easier proofs
7.2 Easier refutations
7.3 Harder proofs
7.4 Harder refutations
7.5 Copi proofs
7.6 Truth trees
8 Basic Quantificational Logic
8.1 Easier translations
8.2 Easier proofs
8.3 Easier refutations
8.4 Harder translations
8.5 Harder proofs
8.6 Copi proofs
9 Relations and Identity
9.1 Identity translations
9.2 Identity proofs
9.3 Easier relations
9.4 Harder relations
9.5 Relational proofs
9.6 Definite descriptions
9.7 Copi proofs
10 Basic Modal Logic
10.1 Translations
10.2 Proofs
10.3 Refutations
11 Further Modal Systems
11.1 Galactic travel
11.2 Quantified translations
11.3 Quantified proofs
11.4 A sophisticated system
12 Deontic and Imperative Logic
12.1 Imperative translations
12.2 Imperative proofs
12.3 Deontic translations
12.4 Deontic proofs
13 Belief Logic
13.1 Belief translations
13.2 Belief proofs
13.3 Believing and willing
13.4 Willing proofs
13.5 Rationality translations
13.6 Rationality proofs
13.7 A sophisticated system
14 A Formalized Ethical Theory
14.1 Practical reason
14.2 Consistency
14.3 The golden rule
14.4 Starting the GR proof
14.5 GR logical machinery
14.6 The symbolic GR proof
15 Metalogic
15.1 Metalogical questions
15.2 Symbols
15.3 Soundness
15.4 Completeness
15.5 An axiomatic system
15.6 Gödel’s theorem
16 History of Logic
16.1 Ancient logic
16.2 Medieval logic
16.3 Enlightenment logic
16.4 Frege and Russell
16.5 After Principia
17 Deviant Logics
17.1 Many-valued logic
17.2 Paraconsistent logic
17.3 Intuitionist logic
17.4 Relevance logic
18 Philosophy of Logic
18.1 Abstract entities
18.2 Metaphysical structures
18.3 The basis for logical laws
18.4 Truth and paradoxes
18.5 Logic’s scope
For Further Reading
Answers to Selected Problems
Chapter 2 answers
Chapter 3 answers
Chapter 4 answers
Chapter 5 answers
Chapter 6 answers
Chapter 7 answers
Chapter 8 answers
Chapter 9 answers
Chapter 10 answers
Chapter 11 answers
Chapter 12 answers
Chapter 13 answers
Chapter 14 answers
Index
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