The Essence of Manifestation

This book was born of a refusal, the refusal of the very philosophy from which it has sprung. After the war, when it had become apparent that the classical tradition, and particularly neo-Kantianism, was breathing its last, French thought looked to Germany for its inspiration and renewal. Jean Hyppolite and Kojeve reintroduced Hegel and the "existentialists" and phenomenologist...

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This book was born of a refusal, the refusal of the very philosophy from which it has sprung. After the war, when it had become apparent that the classical tradition, and particularly neo-Kantianism, was breathing its last, French thought looked to Germany for its inspiration and renewal. Jean Hyppolite and Kojeve reintroduced Hegel and the "existentialists" and phenomenologists drew the attention of a curious public to the fundamental investigations of Husserl and Heidegger. If only by being understood as a phenomenological ontology, this books speaks eloquently enough of the debt it owes to these thinkers of genius. The conceptual material which it uses, particn1arly in chapters 1 to 44, outlines the Husserlian and Heideggerian horizon of the investigations. However, it is precisely this horizon which is questioned. In spite of its profundity and achievements, I wanted to show that contemporary ontology pushes to the absolute the presuppositions and the limits of the philosophy of consciousness since Descartes and even of all Western philosophy since the Greeks. An 'External' critique, viz. the opposing of one thesis to another, wonld have no sense whatever. Rather, it is interior to these presuppositions whose insufficiency had to be shown that we placed ourselves; the very concepts which were rejected were also the ones which guided the problem initially.

AUTHOR’S PREFACE
Introduction
The Idea of Apodictic Evidence as a Path of Privileged Access to the Being of the Ego
The Need for First Constructing a Universal Phenomenological Ontology
Progress Beyond Intuitionism and the Setting Forth of the Universal Phenomenological Horizon
The Inclusion of the ‘Ego Cogito’ and its Problematic within the Horizon Set Free by Universal Phenomenological Ontology
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AUTHOR’S PREFACE
Introduction
The Idea of Apodictic Evidence as a Path of Privileged Access to the Being of the Ego
The Need for First Constructing a Universal Phenomenological Ontology
Progress Beyond Intuitionism and the Setting Forth of the Universal Phenomenological Horizon
The Inclusion of the ‘Ego Cogito’ and its Problematic within the Horizon Set Free by Universal Phenomenological Ontology
The Problem of the Insertion of the Ego Cogito within the Universal Phenomenological Horizon: The ‘Being’ of the Absolute Ego
The Difficulties Relative to the Construction of Universal Phenomenological Ontology
The Problematic Concerning the Being of the Ego Interpreted as an Original and Fundamental Problematic
Section I – The Clarification of the Concept of Phenomenon: Ontological Monism
The Clarification of the Essence of the Phenomenon: The Central Task of Phenomenology
The Unilateral Determination of the Essence of the Phenomenon and the Concept of ‘Phenomenological Distance’
Phenomenological Distance and the Splitting of Being: Presence and Alienation
Ontological Monism and the Problem of Its Being Surpassed: Philosophy of Consciousness and Philosophy of Being
The Critique of the Philosophy of Consciousness
The Ambiguity of ‘Dasein’ Essence and Determination
The Relationship Between the Essence and the Ontic Determination in the Philosophy of Consciousness
The Ontological Meaning of the Problematic Which Aims at the Essence and the Original Concept of Finitude
The Idea of the Formal Structure of the Autonomy of the Essence and the Task of Repeating the Ontological Clarification of the Concept of Phenomenon
Section II – The Repeating of the Clarification of the Concept of Phenomenon. Transcendence and Immanence
The Original Characteristic of the Manifestation of Being and the Problem of Natural Consciousness
The Concept of Representation: Ontological Structure and Existentiell Understanding
Being-For-Itself from the Ontological Point of View and from the Existentiell Point of View: Consciousness and Truth
The Critique of the Hegelian Concept of Experience
The Reaffirmation of the Original Character of the Manifestation of Being in the Bringing to Light of Its Non-Historical Character
The Interpretation of the Essence of Phenomenality Interior to the Fundamental Presuppositions of Monism and the Problem of Receptivity – The Ontological Meaning of this Problem
The Internal Possibility of the Receptivity of Being and the Problem of Schematism
The Re-Affirmation of the Central Character of the Problem of Receptivity and the Ontological Interpretation of Time as Auto-Affection
The Clarification of the Essence of Receptivity and the Problem of the Phenomenological Determination of the Original Reality of Transcendence
The Intervention of Man into the Problematic of Receptivity and the Non-Pertinence of the Original Conditions of Truth to the Absolute Milieu of Exteriority
The Understanding of the Central Character of the Problematic of Receptivity and the Questioning of the Ultimate Ontological Presuppositions of Monism
The Abstract Character of the Essence of Manifestation Interior to the Ontological Presuppositions of Monism and the Problem of Building a Phenomenology of the Foundation
The Making Evident of the Ontological Motif for the Impotence of the Problematic at Building a Phenomenology of the Foundation and Giving a Content to the Idea of the Formal Structure of Autonomy
Section III – The Internal Structure and the Problem of Its Phenomenological Determination: The Invisible
The Ontological Determination of the Original Essence of Revelation as Immanence: Immanent Content and Transcendent Content
The Fundamental Ambiguity of the Concept of Auto-Affection: Auto-Affection and Affection by Self
Immanence and Transcendence
The Ontological Interpretation of the Essence of Transcendence as Immanence and the Internal Possibility of ‘Surpassing’
Consciousness of the World and Consciousness Without World
The Coherence of the Internal Structure of the Essence
The Essential Ontological Meaning of the Concept of Immanence: The Immediate
Section IV – The Fundamental Ontological Interpretation of the Original Essence of Revelation as Affectivity
The Internal Structure of Immanence
The Internal Structure of Immanence and the Problem of Its Understanding as Revelation: Fichte
Eckhart
The Fundamental Ontological Presupposition of the Thought of Eckhart and the Original Essence of the Logos
Immanence and Absolute Situation
The Ontological Determination of the Essence of Situation as Immanence and the Fundamental Ambiguity of ‘Nihilation’
Situation and Temporality. The Ontological Heterogeneity of Their Original Structures and Its Interpretation in the Philosophy of Transcendence: The Idea of Contingency and the Fall of ‘Dasein’
The Concept of Situation in Existentialism, the Failure of Ontology and Realism: “Nature and Freedom”
The Hiding of the Original Essence of Revelation and Its Oblivion
The Critique of Knowledge. The Essence of Religion
The Critique of Knowledge from Within Rationalism
The Ontological Meaning of Eckhart’s Critique of Knowledge
The Facelessness of the Essence
Visible and Invisible
Section IV (continued)
The Fundamental Ontological Interpretation of the Original Essence of Revelation as Affectivity
The Fundamental Ontological Interpretation of the Original Essence of Revelation as Affectivity: Affectivity and Ipseity
Affectivity as Original Ontological Passivity and the Effectiveness of Its Essence in ‘Suffering’
The Ontological Interpretation of Affectivity as the Foundation for Affection; The Problem of ‘Intentional Affectivity’
The Ontological Determination of Affection by Affectivity
Affectivity and Sensations
Affectivity as the Universal Form of All Possible Experience in General and as Form of This Form. The Pure Concept of Affectivity
The Ontological Interpretation of Affectivity as Form and as Pure Affectivity and the Kantian Problematic of Respect
Affectivity as the Original Power of Revelation and the Refutation of All Prejudices Concerning It
The Ontological Determination of the Power of Revelation of Affectivity
The Obscurity of Feeling and Its Language. Affectivity and Thought
The Ontological Determination of the Power of Revelation of Affectivity
The Truth of Feeling and the Problem of ‘False Feelings’
The Power of Revelation of Affectivity According to Scheler
The Power of Revelation of Affectivity According to Heidegger
Affectivity as Immanence. The Original-Being and the Constituted-Being of Feeling
Real and Unreal Affectivity
Affectivity and Action
The Radical Immanence of Feeling and the In-Principle Impossibility of Acting Upon It
The Essence of Affectivity and the Fundamental Affective Tonalities. Affectivity and the Absolute
Appendix
The Bringing to Light of the Original Essence of Revelation in Opposition to the Hegelian Concept of Manifestation (Erscheinung)
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