【Education：】
parenting
schooling
cultivate
awareness
creative/original
physical
psychological
peers
motivation
adapt to
stimulating
memorise
acquire
indiscipline
【Media】
prevalent/pervasive
objective
biased
celebrity
journalist
the press
coverage of sth.
misleading
reliable/trustworthy
up-to-the-minute
sway
informative
entertaining
【Technology】
transform sth.
breakthrough
advance
potential
information overload
enhance/boost
innovation
telecommunications
productive
【Government】
priority
stability
establish
alleviate/ease/relieve
allocate money for sth.(or to sb.)
the authorities
ban/forbid/prohibit
scrutinise/monitor
regulate
impose
tax revenue
democratic
demand
efficient
【Tourism】
expand one's outlook/enlarge one's vision
conflict/clash
explore
promote/facilitate
tourist attraction
local residents
mutual understanding
enrich one's experience
【Language】
the proliferation of...
plays a dominant role in...
become extinct
lesser-known languages
the widespread use of...
【Culture】
ancestors
descendants
cultural assimilation
indiscriminate
time-honoured
cultural heritage
cultural diversity
cultural identity
ethnic minorities
【Development】
the pace of life/the tempo of life
the gap between urban areas and rural areas
eliminate
inferiro
facilities
alienated
materialistic
the persent situation/the current situation/the status quo
exterior
function
【Globalisation】
sweeping trends
synthesise th Asian and the Western cultures
erode
independent
isolated
import
mutually beneficial
【Woman】
domestic violence
gender equality
discrimination
an enlighted society
household chores
be tie down by
【Family】
family members
personality clash
moral responsibility
wealthy/affluent
stressful
community
family values
generation gap
family bond
harmony
【Crime】
crime/offence/criminal act
commit a crime
stringent
punishment/penality
the crime rate/the incidence od crime
rampant
violate the law
restrict
impulsive
consequence
circumstance
reform/rehabilitate criminals
【Animals】
preserve
inhumane
biodiversity
companion
replacement/alternative
habitat
endangered species
hide
【Environment】
sustainable development
exploit/harness(natural resources)
the ecosystem
disposable
conserve
deteriorate
aggravate
discharge
contamination
consume/deplete
eco-friendly
scarcity/shortage
--------------------------------
培养cultivate foster nurture
身体的发育：physical growth/ physical development
brain development/mental development lectual development
心理的发展emotional development/social development
心理健康psychological well-being/emotional health
促进:promote/facilitate/contribute to
上学:attend school
学习能力：aptitude
the innate ability to learn sth.
技能：an acquired skill
学习知识: acquired knowledge/obtain knowledge
青少年：adolescent/ youngster/youth
学校教育：schooling/parenting/upbringing
小中大学教育：primary-level,secondary-level and tertiary-level education
职业教育:vacational education(or vocational training)
只有男生或女生的学校：single-sex school/boys' school/all-boys school
男女在一起的学校（co-educational）schools/mixed schools
人文科学：humanities(literature/history/philosophy)
社会科学：social sciences（economics/sociology/psychology/law/political science）
自然科学：natural sciences(chemestry/physics/biology/earth science)
工程学：engineering(bioengineering/chemical engineering)
艺术：arts
大学里的学科：discipline
基础学科：basic sciences
应用科学：applied sciences
通才：generalist
专才：specialist
全面发展的：well-rounded/versatile
学校里面各门功课的总称：curriculum
具体的一门课：a course/optional courses/required courses/core-courses/mandatory courses/wide-ranging or comprehensive
广泛的：a wide rang of/a wide variety of/a wide array of
理论知识：theoretical knowledge
通过实验或实践学到的知识：empical knowledge(do/conduct/perform)
科学实验：scientific experiment
提供灵感：provide inspiration for sb./sth.
获取灵感：draw inspiration from sb./sth/
正面的榜样：a positive rode model(set a good example for the chrildren)
辛劳的任务：an arduous task/a painstaking task/a laborious task
教学方法：a teacher's approach to teaching/a teaching(or pedagogical)method
作业：homework/assignment
传授知识：impart knowledge(or skills)to students
读写技能：literacy(numerary/computer literacy/analytical skill)
对某种机能掌握得非常熟练（be proficient in sth./be adept at sth.）
实践技能：practical skills/hands-on skills
就业技能：job skills/employment skills/employable(or marketable)skills
招聘：recruit/recruitment
刚毕业的学生：fresh graduates
很专业的知识与技能：highly specialised knowledge and skills/expertise
灌输：instil(or inculcate)...into students
给学生动力：give...motivation to do sth./motivate...to do sth.
期望：meet ones's expectations
志向，追求：pursuit/aspiration/ambition
竞争非常激烈：competitive(a competitive advantage)
自信：self-confidence(self-esteem/narcissistic/egotistical)
尊重学生的个性：respect students' individuality/respect individual differences in the classroom
集中精力于某事物：focus on sth./concentrate on sth.
在理解的基础上学习：learn things through understanding
应用：apply/application
结合：combine/integrate/incorporate
独立地思考：think independently
鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题：encourage students to think critically(critical thinking skills)
学生们对老师所教知识的掌握：students' grasp (or command)of what has been taught
评价老师的教学：appraise(or evaluate)teachers' performance
来自学生的反馈：students' feedback/students' input
激发（兴趣，想象力）kindle/spark/stimulate(students' imagination/interest)
记忆某方面的知识：memorise sth./learn sth. by heart/commit sth. to memory
方程式，公式，定理，定律：equations/formulas/theorems and laws
死记硬背：learn sth. by rote
盲从：follow sth. blindly/follow sth. indiscriminately
用填鸭式教法教学生：force-feed the students
限制孩子们创造力的发展：extinguish(or stifile/constrain)chrildren's creativity
打击孩子们的积极性：dampen(or sap)the students' enthusiasm/frustrate the students(体罚：corporal punishment/physical punishment)
抱怨，吐槽：complain about sth/complaint about sth
产生不必要的压力：cause unnecessary pressure/create undue stress
同龄人：peers(peers pressure)
学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器：Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas
把学生按不同的学习能力分班：assign students to different classes based on their abilities/divide students according to their academic performance(academic performance)
性格特征：personality traits/character traits
逆境：adverse circumstances/adversity/hardship
塑造某人的性格：mould(or shape) one's character
适应adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.
适应能力：adaptability
责任感：a sense of responsibility(or duty/obligation)
合群的，善于交际的：sociable/gregarious
人际交往能力，沟通能力：interpersonal skills/communication skills
能够很好地适应社会生活的人：a well-adjusted individual
参与；参加：participate in sth./participation in sth.
课外活动：extra-curricular activities/non-academic activities
擅长体育运动的：athletic
公平竞争的运动员精神：sportsmanship/politically correct
毅力，顽强的意志：perseverance/tenacity/willpower/determination
挫折：setback
团队精神：team spirit/cooperative spirit
学校是社会的缩影：A school is society in miniature
不遵守纪律的学生：disruptive students/unruly students
行为问题：behaviroal problems(anti-social behavior)
欺负小同学的行为：campus bullying(aggressive)
青少年犯罪：youth crime/juvenile delinquency(spoil a child)
被带入歧途：be led astray
道德观念：moral values
行为准则：standard of virtue and upright conduct
正直的品格：integrity/uprightness
积极的人生观：a positive outlook on life/a positive attitude towards life
社会的有用成员：a valuable member of society/an active and able member of society.引自 Day1-Day3
当局：the authorities
国内的；本国的：domestic
规范；监督：regulate/monitor/oversee
规章制度：rules and regulations
强制性的：compulsory/mandatory
制定政策：formulate a policy/strategy
执行：implement
临时的应急措施：a stopgap measure(a long-term solution/an enduring solution)
立法：legislate against something
严禁：strictly prohibit/ban altogether
严格的法律：stringent laws/legislation
严酷的：draconian
采取预防措施：take precautions against sth./take preventative measures against sth.
监督：scrutiny/scrutinise/monitor
干预：intervention/intervene in sth.
应对：cope with/deal with/address
采取应对措施：take countermeasures against sth.
努力去做某事：strive to do sth./exert oneself to do sth.
尝试去做某事：attempt to do sth.
为...拨款：allocate money for sth./fund
分配：distribute
预算：a tight/stringent budget
税收：tax revenue
征税：levy a tax on sth.
政府开支：the government spending/expenditure on sth.
消减：curtail
增添：augment
在某方面浪费钱：squander money on sth./lavish money on sth.
恶性循环：a vicious circle
给某人造成严重负担：impose a heavy burden on sb.
紧迫的：urgent/pressing
把...当做当务之急：give priority to sth.
put sth. high on the agenda
责任：duty/responsibility/obligation
滥用：abuse sth./use sth. unfairly
军备竞赛：arms race
自卫：self-defence
主权：sovereignty
国土安全：national security/homeland security
缺乏远见的政策，短视的政策：short-sighted policy(sensible policy)
扩张：expansion/aggression
谋求霸权：seek/purse hegemony
区域不稳定因素：destabilising factors(unstable/instability)
太空竞赛：space race
武器：arms/weapons/armaments
下岗工人：laid-off workers/downsized workers(layoff/downsizing)
失业：unemployment/joblesseness/be laid off
劳动力的统称：workforce/labour force
劳动力短缺，劳动力匮乏：labour shortage
社会福利：social welfare
医疗体系：healthcare system
退休：retire/retirement/retirees
养老金：pension
减轻某人的负担：ease(or relieve/alleviate)sb's burden
慈善组织：charities/charitable organisations
慈善事业：charity/philanthrophy
捐献：donate/donation/(generous)
很关注的：be concerned about sth.
漠不关心的：be indifferent to sth.
富有同情心的：sympathetic/compassionate
基础设施：infrastructure
公共交通系统：public transport system
电网：power grid
石油天然气管线：pipelines
供水与排水系统：water supply and drainage system
民主的：democratic
民主：democracy
民主与开明的政府：a democratic and progressive government引自 Day1-Day3
一种可以通用的语言：a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language
英语的广泛应用：the widespread use of English/the extensive use of English/the proliferation of English
双语的：bilingual
英语的统治地位：the dominant role（or the ascendancy/the hegemony）of English
方言：dialect/vernacular
小语种将会消亡：lesser-known languages will become extinct
小语种的消亡：the extinction(or the demise)of lesser-known languages
一种交流思想的工具：a vehicle for thought引自 Day1-Day3
祖先：forefathers/ancestors
后代：descendants/posterity
少数民族：ethnic minorities
民族团结：the harmony(or unity/solidarity)among ethnic groups (or races)
文化融合：cultural integration and synthesis
相互影响：interaction/interact with
文化多元性：cultural diversity/cultural heterogeneity
丰富：enrich
珍贵的：valuable/precious/highly-cherished
艺术品：work of art
狭隘的观念：insular(or provincial/parochial)mentality
思想保守的：conservative
不愿意做改变的：be reluctant to make changes
贬低：denigrate/disparage/discredit
...不是一成不变的：sth. is not set(or carved)in stone
----------------------------------------------------------------------------引自 Day1-Day3
【Globalisation】
与...合作：co-operate with/collaborate with....
跨国的合作：co-operation(or collaboration)across national boundaries
（一个国家或地区的）文化特征：（national or regional）cultural identity
全球文化同一化的过程：global cultural homogenisation
global cultural homogeneity
消失：disappear/vanish
让两者之间的界限变得模糊：blur the distinction between...and...
扫除地理的界限：remove geographic barriers
自给自足的：self-suffcient
全球化是一把双刃剑：Globalisation is a two-deged/double-edged sword
地球村：a (or the)global village
文化同化：cultural assimilation
侵蚀亚洲文化：erode the Asian culture
超越国界：transcend national borders引自 Day1-Day3
两性平等：gender equality
性别歧视：gender discrimination/sexism
异性：the opposite sex
偏见：prejudice/bias
一个开明的社会：a progressive(or enlightened)society
被家务事拖累：be tied down by household chores
感到很难在工作与家庭之间找到平衡点：find it difficult to strike a balance between work and family
生育孩子：child bearing
抚养孩子：child rearing
母性的本能：maternal instinct
职业女性：career woman
家务事：housework/household chores引自 Day1-Day3
人口老龄化：population ageing
逐渐老龄化的人口：an ageing population/a greying population
人口的平均寿命：life expectancy
身体虚弱的：frail
空巢综合症：empty-nest syndrome
家庭成员间的情感纽带：family bonds/family ties
归属感：a sense of belonging
美德：virtue
对...的状态：an attachment to sth.
群体：community
单亲家庭：a single-parent family
亲人之间的关系存在严重问题的家庭：a dysfunctional family
破裂的家庭：a broken family
虐待：mistreat/abuse
家庭暴力：domestic violence
毒品上瘾：addiction to drugs/indulgence in drugs引自 Day1-Day3
旅游景点：tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest
与当地人互动：interact with the local/interact with the local community
促进跨文化交流：promote cross-cultural communication
加深之间相互的了解：deepen mutual understanding
消除原有的偏见：eliminate the stereotypes that tourists have about the local culture/eliminate tourists' preconceptions about the local community
吸引：draw(or attract/appeal to/be a magnet for sb.)
亲身体验：first-venirhand experience
多种感官体验的：multi-sensory experience
纪念品：souvenir
商业化的：commercialised
跟团游：package tour/guided tour（self-conducted tour/self-guided tour）
间接的体验：second-hand experience/vicarious experience
文化遗产：cultural heritage
互联网不会让旅游业过时：the Internet will not render tourism obsolete
观念狭隘的：narrow-minded/bigoted
冲突：conflict/clash
敌意：hostility/resentment
争端：discord/dissension
把游客和当地人隔离：seclude(or isolate)the tourists from the locals引自 Day1-Day3
生态平衡：ecological balance/ecological equilibrium
生态系统：ecosystem/ecological system
某一个地区所有生物的总称：引自 Day1-Day3
the wildlife in region
the biota(=flora and fauna)of a region
生物的多样性：biodiversity
可持续发展：sustainable development
环保主义者：environmentalists/conservationists
对环境有益的：environmentally-friendly/eco-friendly
节约使用：conserve(over-exploit sth)
保护：preserve
再利用：reuse
各国必须携手解决环境问题：countries on this planet must join forces/make a concerted effort/unite to combat(or tackie/resolve/address)environmental problems
增强公众关于...的意识：raise(or elevate)the public awareness of sth.
碳足迹：carbon footprint
短缺：shortage/dearth/scarcity
让自然资源承受很大的压力：put a strain on natural resources
严重地破坏生态系统：wreak havoc on the ecosystem/have devastating effects on the ecosystem
砍伐森林：deforestation
沙尘暴：sandstorm/duststorm
过度放牧：over-grazing
永久性的破坏：permanent damage/irreversible damage
污染物：pollutant/contaminant
有毒的：poisonous/toxic
农业：agriculture
农业用地：agricultural land/farmland
肥沃的土壤：fertile soil
耕地：arable land/farmland
增加农产品产量：boost crop yield
可再生资源：renewable energy sources(solar enegy wind enegy geothermal energy windwills,wind turbines)
不可再生资源：non-renewable resources(metals minerals,petroleum,natural gas,coal,fossil fuels)
消耗：consume/deplete
用尽：use up/exhaust sth./energy crisis
严厉的措施：harsh actions/stringent measures
污水：sewage
排放：discharge
汽车排出的有毒气体：car emissions/exhaust fumes
电动汽车：electirc car
混合动力交通工具：hybrid vehicle
温室效应：grennhouse effect/global warming
臭氧层：ozone layer(ultraviolet rays/UV rays/skin cancer)
连锁反应：chain reaction
严重的：severe/grave/grievous
白色污染产生的垃圾：non-biodegradable garbage/wastes that cannot decompose or break down/inorganic trash
谴责而不是纵容：condemn rather than condone something
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</原文结束>
【Crime】
触犯法律：break(or violate/flout/disobey)the law
犯罪：commit a crime
罪行：offences/crimes/criminal acts
犯罪：criminal/offender/culprit/perpetrator
从犯：accomplice
憎恨社会：resent society
囚犯：prisoner/inmate
受害者：victim
侵犯某人的权利：violate sb's rights/infringe on sb's rights
心理创伤：trauma
给某人造成心理创伤：traumatise someone
牢房：cell
监禁：imprison(or incarcerate)someone
被绳之以法：be brought to justice
抓捕：track down/hunt down/capture
轻罪：petty crime/misdemeanour
重罪：heinous crime/flagitious crime/felony
初犯的人：first-time offender
再次犯罪：revert to crime
惯例：hardened criminals/repeat criminals
无视：disregard/ignore
犯罪倾向：criminal tendency
死刑：death sentence/death penalty/capital publishment
宽容的：lenient
改造犯罪：reform criminals/rehabilitate offenders
执法部门：law enforcement agencies
守法的公民：law-abiding citizens
遵守法律：abide by the law/comply with the law
遏制作用：a deterrent effect
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------引自 Day1-Day3
【Animals】
动物权益保护主义者：animal rights activists
医学研究：medical research(pharmaceutical company)
疫苗：vaccine
残忍的：cruel/merciless/inhumane/callous/brutal
活体解剖：vivisection
麻醉：anaesthetic
减轻动物的痛苦：relieve/alleviate/ease animals' pain
安乐死：euthanasia
道德（的）：morality/moral
伦理（的）ethics/ethical
自然栖息地：natural habitat
人造的：artificial
食物链：food chain
分享主人的喜怒哀乐：share their owners' emotions/share their pwners' joys and sorrows
偷猎：poach/poaching
某一种事物是没有替代的：There are no replacements for sth./no substitutes for sth./no alternatives to sth.
引自 Day1-Day3
同义词浓缩版
人类：the human race/humanity/humankind
在当代：At present/Currently/in contemporary society/in modern-day society
解决：tackle/address/resolve/combat
破坏：destroy/impair/undermine/jeopardise/devastate
影响：impact/repercussions/ramifications/implications
负面影响：negative effects/adverse effects/pernicious effects
危险：peril/hazard/danger
明显的：apparent/evident/obvious/manifest
从事：carry out/conduct/perform
积极的：beneficial/advantageous
消极的：damaging/detrimental/destructive/devastating
好处和坏处：damaging/detrimental/destructive/devastating
好处和坏处：advantages and disavantages/strengths and weaknessses/the upside and downside/merits and demerits
无处不在的：prevalent/pervasive
大量的：a host of/ a multitude of/a vast number of/numberous/a great deal of/a vast amount of
需要：require/necessitate/call for
增进：enhance/boost
贫穷的：impoverished/needy/deprived
保护（某种资源）：preserve
富裕的：affluent/wealthy
污染：contamination/radioactive contamination
采取措施：take measures/take steps/take action/take actionsn引自 Day1-Day3
-------------------------------------------------------------
2013 01 27 映雪自习室 Fine 游客好多，怪不得要限制人数
【D5】
写好复杂句的诀窍
因果关系：as，due to,owing to,hence,thus,therefore,as a consequence,as a result,so that,therefore,because，because of
举例关系：take...for example,for instance,such as,this point is best illustrated with the example of,this point can be confirmed by the the example of...,consider...for example,...is a case in point
对比关系：while,whilst,whereas,By/in contrast,Unlike...,A differ from B in that,
让步关系：despite,in spite of,notwithstanding,nonetheless,nevertheless,even though,even if,albeit,no matter,as long as，... as sb./sth. may be/seem
假设关系：provided that...,if....(then),on condition that...
修饰关系：modification
not restricted to(不仅限于...)
取舍关系：apart from,as well as,rather than/instead of.../instead,Rather,otherwise,similarly/likewise,Accordingly,specifically,particularly,in particular,Admittedly,Nevertheless
下定义关系：...which means...,which shows that,which suggests that ,which constitutes...,which is best characterised by,which is,essentially,which reflects
精彩短语：in terms of在...方面,for the sake of=for the purpose of helping为了改善,regardless of=on matter不管
on the one hand,on the other hand是对比关系。
e.g.(for example),i.e.(that is);etc.(and so on);and/or vice versa(反之亦可);status quo(现状)
双重否定：it is not unusual for ... to(某事较为常见)
It is not unrealistic to(做某事是现实的)
it is not uncommon that （某现象比较常见）
Not surprisingly(不出所料）
耍赖充数：In other words;By that I mean;-that is to say引自 D4-D7
前进类：论证advantage
1:benefit from;be the main beneficiary of;suffer from somthing;fall victim to something
2:invest in;fund sth.;be underfunded; impose taxes on sth.
3:promote/facilitate the development of...;is the main contributor to something;hold something back;be counterproductive for something
4:boost effciency/productivity;enhance efficency/productivity;reduce(bring down)efficiency/productivity
5:have access to...;give someone access to something;deny someone access to something
6：enrich one's social/academic/professional experience;expand someone's outlook/broaden someone's vision;limit someone's outlook
7:keep society safe and stable;maintain social stability;disturb social order
8:have a duty/obligation to do...;be obligated to do sth./be accountable for sth.;be exempt from doing sth.
9:relax their bodies and minds;release stress and tension;recrestional activities/leisure activities/leisure time/increase(raise) their stress levels
10:be based on.../depend on/rely on;there is correlation(link/connection)between A and B
11:generate employment opportunities;create jobs;stimulate the job market;引自 D4-D7
-------------------------------------------------------------
2013 01 27 映雪自习室 Fine 游客好多，怪不得要限制人数
【D5】
写好复杂句的诀窍
因果关系：as，due to,owing to,hence,thus,therefore,as a consequence,as a result,so that,therefore,because，because of
举例关系：take...for example,for instance,such as,this point is best illustrated with the example of,this point can be confirmed by the the example of...,consider...for example,...is a case in point
对比关系：while,whilst,whereas,By/in contrast,Unlike...,A differ from B in that,
让步关系：despite,in spite of,notwithstanding,nonetheless,nevertheless,even though,even if,albeit,no matter,as long as，... as sb./sth. may be/seem
假设关系：provided that...,if....(then),on condition that...
修饰关系：modification
not restricted to(不仅限于...)
取舍关系：apart from,as well as,rather than/instead of.../instead,Rather,otherwise,similarly/likewise,Accordingly,specifically,particularly,in particular,Admittedly,Nevertheless
下定义关系：...which means...,which shows that,which suggests that ,which constitutes...,which is best characterised by,which is,essentially,which reflects
精彩短语：in terms of在...方面,for the sake of=for the purpose of helping为了改善,regardless of=on matter不管
on the one hand,on the other hand是对比关系。
e.g.(for example),i.e.(that is);etc.(and so on);and/or vice versa(反之亦可);status quo(现状)
双重否定：it is not unusual for ... to(某事较为常见)
It is not unrealistic to(做某事是现实的)
it is not uncommon that （某现象比较常见）
Not surprisingly(不出所料）
耍赖充数：In other words;By that I mean;-that is to say引自 D4-D7
前进类：论证advantage
1:benefit from;be the main beneficiary of;suffer from somthing;fall victim to something
2:invest in;fund sth.;be underfunded; impose taxes on sth.
3:promote/facilitate the development of...;is the main contributor to something;hold something back;be counterproductive for something
4:boost effciency/productivity;enhance efficency/productivity;reduce(bring down)efficiency/productivity
5:have access to...;give someone access to something;deny someone access to something
6：enrich one's social/academic/professional experience;expand someone's outlook/broaden someone's vision;limit someone's outlook
7:keep society safe and stable;maintain social stability;disturb social order
8:have a duty/obligation to do...;be obligated to do sth./be accountable for sth.;be exempt from doing sth.
9:relax their bodies and minds;release stress and tension;recrestional activities/leisure activities/leisure time/increase(raise) their stress levels
10:be based on.../depend on/rely on;there is correlation(link/connection)between A and B
11:generate employment opportunities;create jobs;stimulate the job market;引自 D4-D7
【Education：】
parenting
schooling
cultivate
awareness
creative/original
physical
psychological
peers
motivation
adapt to
stimulating
memorise
acquire
indiscipline
【Media】
prevalent/pervasive
objective
biased
celebrity
journalist
the press
coverage of sth.
misleading
reliable/trustworthy
up-to-the-minute
sway
informative
entertaining
【Technology】
transform sth.
breakthrough
advance
potential
information overload
enhance/boost
innovation
telecommunications
productive
【Government】
priority
stability
establish
alleviate/ease/relieve
allocate money for sth.(or to sb.)
the authorities
ban/forbid/prohibit
scrutinise/monitor
regulate
impose
tax revenue
democratic
demand
efficient
【Tourism】
expand one's outlook/enlarge one's vision
conflict/clash
explore
promote/facilitate
tourist attraction
local residents
mutual understanding
enrich one's experience
【Language】
the proliferation of...
plays a dominant role in...
become extinct
lesser-known languages
the widespread use of...
【Culture】
ancestors
descendants
cultural assimilation
indiscriminate
time-honoured
cultural heritage
cultural diversity
cultural identity
ethnic minorities
【Development】
the pace of life/the tempo of life
the gap between urban areas and rural areas
eliminate
inferiro
facilities
alienated
materialistic
the persent situation/the current situation/the status quo
exterior
function
【Globalisation】
sweeping trends
synthesise th Asian and the Western cultures
erode
independent
isolated
import
mutually beneficial
【Woman】
domestic violence
gender equality
discrimination
an enlighted society
household chores
be tie down by
【Family】
family members
personality clash
moral responsibility
wealthy/affluent
stressful
community
family values
generation gap
family bond
harmony
【Crime】
crime/offence/criminal act
commit a crime
stringent
punishment/penality
the crime rate/the incidence od crime
rampant
violate the law
restrict
impulsive
consequence
circumstance
reform/rehabilitate criminals
【Animals】
preserve
inhumane
biodiversity
companion
replacement/alternative
habitat
endangered species
hide
【Environment】
sustainable development
exploit/harness(natural resources)
the ecosystem
disposable
conserve
deteriorate
aggravate
discharge
contamination
consume/deplete
eco-friendly
scarcity/shortage
--------------------------------
培养cultivate foster nurture
身体的发育：physical growth/ physical development
brain development/mental development lectual development
心理的发展emotional development/social development
心理健康psychological well-being/emotional health
促进:promote/facilitate/contribute to
上学:attend school
学习能力：aptitude
the innate ability to learn sth.
技能：an acquired skill
学习知识: acquired knowledge/obtain knowledge
青少年：adolescent/ youngster/youth
学校教育：schooling/parenting/upbringing
小中大学教育：primary-level,secondary-level and tertiary-level education
职业教育:vacational education(or vocational training)
只有男生或女生的学校：single-sex school/boys' school/all-boys school
男女在一起的学校（co-educational）schools/mixed schools
人文科学：humanities(literature/history/philosophy)
社会科学：social sciences（economics/sociology/psychology/law/political science）
自然科学：natural sciences(chemestry/physics/biology/earth science)
工程学：engineering(bioengineering/chemical engineering)
艺术：arts
大学里的学科：discipline
基础学科：basic sciences
应用科学：applied sciences
通才：generalist
专才：specialist
全面发展的：well-rounded/versatile
学校里面各门功课的总称：curriculum
具体的一门课：a course/optional courses/required courses/core-courses/mandatory courses/wide-ranging or comprehensive
广泛的：a wide rang of/a wide variety of/a wide array of
理论知识：theoretical knowledge
通过实验或实践学到的知识：empical knowledge(do/conduct/perform)
科学实验：scientific experiment
提供灵感：provide inspiration for sb./sth.
获取灵感：draw inspiration from sb./sth/
正面的榜样：a positive rode model(set a good example for the chrildren)
辛劳的任务：an arduous task/a painstaking task/a laborious task
教学方法：a teacher's approach to teaching/a teaching(or pedagogical)method
作业：homework/assignment
传授知识：impart knowledge(or skills)to students
读写技能：literacy(numerary/computer literacy/analytical skill)
对某种机能掌握得非常熟练（be proficient in sth./be adept at sth.）
实践技能：practical skills/hands-on skills
就业技能：job skills/employment skills/employable(or marketable)skills
招聘：recruit/recruitment
刚毕业的学生：fresh graduates
很专业的知识与技能：highly specialised knowledge and skills/expertise
灌输：instil(or inculcate)...into students
给学生动力：give...motivation to do sth./motivate...to do sth.
期望：meet ones's expectations
志向，追求：pursuit/aspiration/ambition
竞争非常激烈：competitive(a competitive advantage)
自信：self-confidence(self-esteem/narcissistic/egotistical)
尊重学生的个性：respect students' individuality/respect individual differences in the classroom
集中精力于某事物：focus on sth./concentrate on sth.
在理解的基础上学习：learn things through understanding
应用：apply/application
结合：combine/integrate/incorporate
独立地思考：think independently
鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题：encourage students to think critically(critical thinking skills)
学生们对老师所教知识的掌握：students' grasp (or command)of what has been taught
评价老师的教学：appraise(or evaluate)teachers' performance
来自学生的反馈：students' feedback/students' input
激发（兴趣，想象力）kindle/spark/stimulate(students' imagination/interest)
记忆某方面的知识：memorise sth./learn sth. by heart/commit sth. to memory
方程式，公式，定理，定律：equations/formulas/theorems and laws
死记硬背：learn sth. by rote
盲从：follow sth. blindly/follow sth. indiscriminately
用填鸭式教法教学生：force-feed the students
限制孩子们创造力的发展：extinguish(or stifile/constrain)chrildren's creativity
打击孩子们的积极性：dampen(or sap)the students' enthusiasm/frustrate the students(体罚：corporal punishment/physical punishment)
抱怨，吐槽：complain about sth/complaint about sth
产生不必要的压力：cause unnecessary pressure/create undue stress
同龄人：peers(peers pressure)
学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器：Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas
把学生按不同的学习能力分班：assign students to different classes based on their abilities/divide students according to their academic performance(academic performance)
性格特征：personality traits/character traits
逆境：adverse circumstances/adversity/hardship
塑造某人的性格：mould(or shape) one's character
适应adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.
适应能力：adaptability
责任感：a sense of responsibility(or duty/obligation)
合群的，善于交际的：sociable/gregarious
人际交往能力，沟通能力：interpersonal skills/communication skills
能够很好地适应社会生活的人：a well-adjusted individual
参与；参加：participate in sth./participation in sth.
课外活动：extra-curricular activities/non-academic activities
擅长体育运动的：athletic
公平竞争的运动员精神：sportsmanship/politically correct
毅力，顽强的意志：perseverance/tenacity/willpower/determination
挫折：setback
团队精神：team spirit/cooperative spirit
学校是社会的缩影：A school is society in miniature
不遵守纪律的学生：disruptive students/unruly students
行为问题：behaviroal problems(anti-social behavior)
欺负小同学的行为：campus bullying(aggressive)
青少年犯罪：youth crime/juvenile delinquency(spoil a child)
被带入歧途：be led astray
道德观念：moral values
行为准则：standard of virtue and upright conduct
正直的品格：integrity/uprightness
积极的人生观：a positive outlook on life/a positive attitude towards life
社会的有用成员：a valuable member of society/an active and able member of society.引自 Day1-Day3
当局：the authorities
国内的；本国的：domestic
规范；监督：regulate/monitor/oversee
规章制度：rules and regulations
强制性的：compulsory/mandatory
制定政策：formulate a policy/strategy
执行：implement
临时的应急措施：a stopgap measure(a long-term solution/an enduring solution)
立法：legislate against something
严禁：strictly prohibit/ban altogether
严格的法律：stringent laws/legislation
严酷的：draconian
采取预防措施：take precautions against sth./take preventative measures against sth.
监督：scrutiny/scrutinise/monitor
干预：intervention/intervene in sth.
应对：cope with/deal with/address
采取应对措施：take countermeasures against sth.
努力去做某事：strive to do sth./exert oneself to do sth.
尝试去做某事：attempt to do sth.
为...拨款：allocate money for sth./fund
分配：distribute
预算：a tight/stringent budget
税收：tax revenue
征税：levy a tax on sth.
政府开支：the government spending/expenditure on sth.
消减：curtail
增添：augment
在某方面浪费钱：squander money on sth./lavish money on sth.
恶性循环：a vicious circle
给某人造成严重负担：impose a heavy burden on sb.
紧迫的：urgent/pressing
把...当做当务之急：give priority to sth.
put sth. high on the agenda
责任：duty/responsibility/obligation
滥用：abuse sth./use sth. unfairly
军备竞赛：arms race
自卫：self-defence
主权：sovereignty
国土安全：national security/homeland security
缺乏远见的政策，短视的政策：short-sighted policy(sensible policy)
扩张：expansion/aggression
谋求霸权：seek/purse hegemony
区域不稳定因素：destabilising factors(unstable/instability)
太空竞赛：space race
武器：arms/weapons/armaments
下岗工人：laid-off workers/downsized workers(layoff/downsizing)
失业：unemployment/joblesseness/be laid off
劳动力的统称：workforce/labour force
劳动力短缺，劳动力匮乏：labour shortage
社会福利：social welfare
医疗体系：healthcare system
退休：retire/retirement/retirees
养老金：pension
减轻某人的负担：ease(or relieve/alleviate)sb's burden
慈善组织：charities/charitable organisations
慈善事业：charity/philanthrophy
捐献：donate/donation/(generous)
很关注的：be concerned about sth.
漠不关心的：be indifferent to sth.
富有同情心的：sympathetic/compassionate
基础设施：infrastructure
公共交通系统：public transport system
电网：power grid
石油天然气管线：pipelines
供水与排水系统：water supply and drainage system
民主的：democratic
民主：democracy
民主与开明的政府：a democratic and progressive government引自 Day1-Day3
一种可以通用的语言：a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language
英语的广泛应用：the widespread use of English/the extensive use of English/the proliferation of English
双语的：bilingual
英语的统治地位：the dominant role（or the ascendancy/the hegemony）of English
方言：dialect/vernacular
小语种将会消亡：lesser-known languages will become extinct
小语种的消亡：the extinction(or the demise)of lesser-known languages
一种交流思想的工具：a vehicle for thought引自 Day1-Day3
祖先：forefathers/ancestors
后代：descendants/posterity
少数民族：ethnic minorities
民族团结：the harmony(or unity/solidarity)among ethnic groups (or races)
文化融合：cultural integration and synthesis
相互影响：interaction/interact with
文化多元性：cultural diversity/cultural heterogeneity
丰富：enrich
珍贵的：valuable/precious/highly-cherished
艺术品：work of art
狭隘的观念：insular(or provincial/parochial)mentality
思想保守的：conservative
不愿意做改变的：be reluctant to make changes
贬低：denigrate/disparage/discredit
...不是一成不变的：sth. is not set(or carved)in stone
----------------------------------------------------------------------------引自 Day1-Day3
【Globalisation】
与...合作：co-operate with/collaborate with....
跨国的合作：co-operation(or collaboration)across national boundaries
（一个国家或地区的）文化特征：（national or regional）cultural identity
全球文化同一化的过程：global cultural homogenisation
global cultural homogeneity
消失：disappear/vanish
让两者之间的界限变得模糊：blur the distinction between...and...
扫除地理的界限：remove geographic barriers
自给自足的：self-suffcient
全球化是一把双刃剑：Globalisation is a two-deged/double-edged sword
地球村：a (or the)global village
文化同化：cultural assimilation
侵蚀亚洲文化：erode the Asian culture
超越国界：transcend national borders引自 Day1-Day3
两性平等：gender equality
性别歧视：gender discrimination/sexism
异性：the opposite sex
偏见：prejudice/bias
一个开明的社会：a progressive(or enlightened)society
被家务事拖累：be tied down by household chores
感到很难在工作与家庭之间找到平衡点：find it difficult to strike a balance between work and family
生育孩子：child bearing
抚养孩子：child rearing
母性的本能：maternal instinct
职业女性：career woman
家务事：housework/household chores引自 Day1-Day3
人口老龄化：population ageing
逐渐老龄化的人口：an ageing population/a greying population
人口的平均寿命：life expectancy
身体虚弱的：frail
空巢综合症：empty-nest syndrome
家庭成员间的情感纽带：family bonds/family ties
归属感：a sense of belonging
美德：virtue
对...的状态：an attachment to sth.
群体：community
单亲家庭：a single-parent family
亲人之间的关系存在严重问题的家庭：a dysfunctional family
破裂的家庭：a broken family
虐待：mistreat/abuse
家庭暴力：domestic violence
毒品上瘾：addiction to drugs/indulgence in drugs引自 Day1-Day3
旅游景点：tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest
与当地人互动：interact with the local/interact with the local community
促进跨文化交流：promote cross-cultural communication
加深之间相互的了解：deepen mutual understanding
消除原有的偏见：eliminate the stereotypes that tourists have about the local culture/eliminate tourists' preconceptions about the local community
吸引：draw(or attract/appeal to/be a magnet for sb.)
亲身体验：first-venirhand experience
多种感官体验的：multi-sensory experience
纪念品：souvenir
商业化的：commercialised
跟团游：package tour/guided tour（self-conducted tour/self-guided tour）
间接的体验：second-hand experience/vicarious experience
文化遗产：cultural heritage
互联网不会让旅游业过时：the Internet will not render tourism obsolete
观念狭隘的：narrow-minded/bigoted
冲突：conflict/clash
敌意：hostility/resentment
争端：discord/dissension
把游客和当地人隔离：seclude(or isolate)the tourists from the locals引自 Day1-Day3
生态平衡：ecological balance/ecological equilibrium
生态系统：ecosystem/ecological system
某一个地区所有生物的总称：引自 Day1-Day3
the wildlife in region
the biota(=flora and fauna)of a region
生物的多样性：biodiversity
可持续发展：sustainable development
环保主义者：environmentalists/conservationists
对环境有益的：environmentally-friendly/eco-friendly
节约使用：conserve(over-exploit sth)
保护：preserve
再利用：reuse
各国必须携手解决环境问题：countries on this planet must join forces/make a concerted effort/unite to combat(or tackie/resolve/address)environmental problems
增强公众关于...的意识：raise(or elevate)the public awareness of sth.
碳足迹：carbon footprint
短缺：shortage/dearth/scarcity
让自然资源承受很大的压力：put a strain on natural resources
严重地破坏生态系统：wreak havoc on the ecosystem/have devastating effects on the ecosystem
砍伐森林：deforestation
沙尘暴：sandstorm/duststorm
过度放牧：over-grazing
永久性的破坏：permanent damage/irreversible damage
污染物：pollutant/contaminant
有毒的：poisonous/toxic
农业：agriculture
农业用地：agricultural land/farmland
肥沃的土壤：fertile soil
耕地：arable land/farmland
增加农产品产量：boost crop yield
可再生资源：renewable energy sources(solar enegy wind enegy geothermal energy windwills,wind turbines)
不可再生资源：non-renewable resources(metals minerals,petroleum,natural gas,coal,fossil fuels)
消耗：consume/deplete
用尽：use up/exhaust sth./energy crisis
严厉的措施：harsh actions/stringent measures
污水：sewage
排放：discharge
汽车排出的有毒气体：car emissions/exhaust fumes
电动汽车：electirc car
混合动力交通工具：hybrid vehicle
温室效应：grennhouse effect/global warming
臭氧层：ozone layer(ultraviolet rays/UV rays/skin cancer)
连锁反应：chain reaction
严重的：severe/grave/grievous
白色污染产生的垃圾：non-biodegradable garbage/wastes that cannot decompose or break down/inorganic trash
谴责而不是纵容：condemn rather than condone something
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</原文结束>
【Crime】
触犯法律：break(or violate/flout/disobey)the law
犯罪：commit a crime
罪行：offences/crimes/criminal acts
犯罪：criminal/offender/culprit/perpetrator
从犯：accomplice
憎恨社会：resent society
囚犯：prisoner/inmate
受害者：victim
侵犯某人的权利：violate sb's rights/infringe on sb's rights
心理创伤：trauma
给某人造成心理创伤：traumatise someone
牢房：cell
监禁：imprison(or incarcerate)someone
被绳之以法：be brought to justice
抓捕：track down/hunt down/capture
轻罪：petty crime/misdemeanour
重罪：heinous crime/flagitious crime/felony
初犯的人：first-time offender
再次犯罪：revert to crime
惯例：hardened criminals/repeat criminals
无视：disregard/ignore
犯罪倾向：criminal tendency
死刑：death sentence/death penalty/capital publishment
宽容的：lenient
改造犯罪：reform criminals/rehabilitate offenders
执法部门：law enforcement agencies
守法的公民：law-abiding citizens
遵守法律：abide by the law/comply with the law
遏制作用：a deterrent effect
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------引自 Day1-Day3
【Animals】
动物权益保护主义者：animal rights activists
医学研究：medical research(pharmaceutical company)
疫苗：vaccine
残忍的：cruel/merciless/inhumane/callous/brutal
活体解剖：vivisection
麻醉：anaesthetic
减轻动物的痛苦：relieve/alleviate/ease animals' pain
安乐死：euthanasia
道德（的）：morality/moral
伦理（的）ethics/ethical
自然栖息地：natural habitat
人造的：artificial
食物链：food chain
分享主人的喜怒哀乐：share their owners' emotions/share their pwners' joys and sorrows
偷猎：poach/poaching
某一种事物是没有替代的：There are no replacements for sth./no substitutes for sth./no alternatives to sth.
引自 Day1-Day3
同义词浓缩版
人类：the human race/humanity/humankind
在当代：At present/Currently/in contemporary society/in modern-day society
解决：tackle/address/resolve/combat
破坏：destroy/impair/undermine/jeopardise/devastate
影响：impact/repercussions/ramifications/implications
负面影响：negative effects/adverse effects/pernicious effects
危险：peril/hazard/danger
明显的：apparent/evident/obvious/manifest
从事：carry out/conduct/perform
积极的：beneficial/advantageous
消极的：damaging/detrimental/destructive/devastating
好处和坏处：damaging/detrimental/destructive/devastating
好处和坏处：advantages and disavantages/strengths and weaknessses/the upside and downside/merits and demerits
无处不在的：prevalent/pervasive
大量的：a host of/ a multitude of/a vast number of/numberous/a great deal of/a vast amount of
需要：require/necessitate/call for
增进：enhance/boost
贫穷的：impoverished/needy/deprived
保护（某种资源）：preserve
富裕的：affluent/wealthy
污染：contamination/radioactive contamination
采取措施：take measures/take steps/take action/take actionsn引自 Day1-Day3
我爱德沃夏克
机械工业出版社2013版
小星晶
机械工业出版社2008版
yuki0927
机械工业出版社2008版
2013 01 24 LIBRARY 旁边两个女生不断讲话，不懂礼貌 【D1】 不要用don't等非书面语 more and more=increasingly consensus of opinion=consensus 【D2】 裸奔法 Techonology&Efficiency Mind&Soul Society&Crime Time&Space Right &Responsibility Environment&Health Enployment&Competition Culture&Population Money&Fun 【D3】 【Education：】 parenting schooling cultivate awaren...
0 有用 takigo 2011-09-11 14:26:32
终于啃完了！！！
0 有用 M2 2012-12-04 19:30:06
作者无时无刻不在卖萌
0 有用 天蓝蓝 2013-11-14 14:53:35
很多用法被帮忙批改的友邻（在美国做助教）吐槽了啊，摔！
0 有用 黛安Diane 2011-03-17 10:41:40
小姨领进门，修行在个人
0 有用 [已注销] 2011-11-03 15:13:49
小姨的这个还蛮好的，考研作文应该会轻松些吧
0 有用 一条花仙子 2022-06-19 13:58:49
当年的人手一本
0 有用 片刻的自由 2021-07-24 10:05:35
最讨厌这种自认为自己的废话很幽默，又臭又长不好好说重点的书了
0 有用 L 2021-05-19 13:54:50
还没看完，感觉在思路方面写得很好啊。
0 有用 ALadInSane 2021-04-15 22:11:04
考前几天突然想起了它，应该能救我半条命
0 有用 多么好呀 2021-03-28 10:58:16
补录