I believe, for example, that suffering
does not translate directly into virtue; that surviving a calamity does not authorize
one to speak for those who perished in it; that justice, either as a
concept or as an institution, is overdetermined and therefore subject to continued
contestation.
One can hardly read modern Chinese history without noticing a seemingly
endless brutality totted up in dishearteningly large figures. For instance,
at least one million Chinese lost their lives during the Warlord and
Nationalist periods, and more than fourteen million were killed during the
Second Sino-Japanese War. More than two million fled China after the Communist
seizure of power, while almost five million perished during the same
period. After the founding of the People’s Republic, at least thirty million
perished during Mao’s Great Leap Forward, which was followed by the Great
Famine and Retrenchment period, and an estimated fifteen million were
persecuted and executed every year between those famously bloody wars,
campaigns, and movements.引自第2页
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