lowai的笔记(188)
債的歷史 (3)
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(1971--什么时代的开始, 尚未明晰)
[以下皆为原文摘抄] 市场的真实历史并不像我们从教科书上学来的那样。我们所能观察到的较早的市场，似乎或多或少是古代美索不达米亚精致的行政系统的副产品。这些市场主要靠信用运行。使用现金的市场是随着战争而... -
中世纪/近东伊斯兰(信用是资本)
[以下皆原文摘抄] 伊斯兰教的法律纠正了几乎所有先前轴心时代社会大部分臭名昭著的恶习。伊斯兰法律禁止了通过各种方式(包括绑架、司法惩罚、负债、出售子女，甚至自愿卖身)所产生的奴隶制，或是使之失去了强制执... -
轴心时代
[以下皆为原文摘抄] 我们所看到的，就是一种奇怪的拉锯、攻击和反击；其中，市场、国家、战争和宗教．都持续不断地分分合合。让我尽可能简洁地总结一下： (1)最早出现的市场似乎是政府行政体系的一个副产品(至少...
古代人的自由与现代人的自由 (1)
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论立宪君主制的王权之性质
我已经说过，君主立宪制为我们提供了对所有合法自由来说都是必不可少的中立权力。在一个自由的国家，国王是一个远离并高居纷纭众说之上的存在，除了保持秩序和自由以外没有其他关切。他绝对不能回到那种常见的地...
40%的工作沒意義，為什麼還搶著做？ (3)
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Why Do We as a Society Not Object to the Growth of Pointless Employment?
In a 2017 paper, US economists Benjamin B. Lockwood, Charles G. Nathanson, and E. Glen Weyl combed through the existing literature on the “externalities” (social costs) and “spillover effects” ... -
Why Do We as a Society Not Object to the Growth of Pointless Employment?
After all, most work can’t be said to “create” anything; most of it is a matter of maintaining and rearranging things. This is why I would insist our concept of “production,” and our assumptio... -
Why Do We as a Society Not Object to the Growth of Pointless Employment?
For Graeber, bullshit jobs carry with them a moral imperative: “If you’re not busy all the time doing something, anything—doesn’t really matter what it is—you’re a bad person.” But the flips... (1回应)
Critical (4)
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The Brain
The high-profile cases featured in newspapers often tell the other side of this story. They almost centre around tragic cases where a patient’s best interests cannot be agreed between the healthca... -
The Lungs
This trial design (randomized controlled trials) is considered the most robust and reliable. However, when I step onto my ICU tomorrow, 90 per cent of what I do will not be based upon this level of... (3回应) -
An Introduction to the World of Intensive Care Medicine
中国公众就很需要这种医学普及教育但是不知道当局让不让吧... We need to find out how being in intensive care can affect patients years after they have recovered. We need to debate the ethical and mora... (3回应) -
An Introduction to the World of Intensive Care Medicine
I have made a lot of mistakes as a doctor. However, I am not a bad doctor. What I am is a normal human, working in an abnormal environment. Most mistakes made in medicine relate not to deficits in...
印度：百万叛变的今天 (3)
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The Shadow of the Guru
Sikhs被英国击败后在大叛乱期间帮助英国人镇压了印度教徒和伊斯兰教徒, 他们的势力其实得到了扩张. 作者采访了一个略温和的在政府里任职过的Sikh, 也采访了一个激进的Sikh. 那个略温和的Sikh说, 伊斯兰教暴力, 印... -
After the Battle
Culcutta基本可以说是一个英国建造的城市. 近代印度就是从Anglo-Bengali文化发展起来的, 所以近代印度跟美国的历史几乎一样久. Culcutta的一个大公司是Imperial Tobacco Company (后来为了看起来不那么招摇改叫IT... (4回应) -
Breaking Out
这章写的是在Bangalore遇到的人的故事. Bangalore好像不少科学家都是brahmin背景. 作者遇到的一个人叫做Subramaniam. 他说 - 他grandmother把世界分为三部分, 第一部分是Mysore (Raja Seemay -- Raja’s Land), ... (1回应)